Epizootic monitoring of infectious diseases of poultry in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article presents the results of epizootological monitoring of infectious diseases of farm poultry in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2022-2024. Study was conducted at Bashkir Scientific and Production Veterinary Laboratory. Veterinary reporting data and laboratory test results for 44 150 samples of biological material from farm poultry over a three-year period were analyzed to assess the dynamics of the epizootic process. Colibacillosis was found to be the most common bacterial infection, with a significant downward trend in detection rates from 60.7% in 2022 to 17.0% in 2024 (t = 3.90; p < 0.05), likely due to increased sanitary monitoring at the surveyed farms. Salmonellosis was recorded in isolated cases (0.1% in 2023, 0% in 2022 and 2024, despite significant screening volumes), indicating a favorable situation. Among viral diseases, the key event was the registration of 43 positive samples for avian influenza type A in 2023 (detection rate of 0.3% in 14,301 tests) against the background of zero detections in 2022 and 2024, which is consistent with data on epizootic process intensification for highly pathogenic influenza in Volga Federal District in 2023 and emphasizes the role of migratory activity of wild avifauna. Parasitic pathology is represented mainly by eimeriosis, the detection rate of which increased from 36.0% in 2023 to 44.0% in 2024, and ascariasis (100% in 2023, 17.0% in 2024). The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of epizootic situation over a three-year period compared to the previous reference period and expansion of the nosological monitoring profile to include colibacillosis and parasitic diseases. The research results demonstrate the need to strengthen biosecurity measures on farms located in migratory stopover areas of waterfowl.