Etiology, pathogenesis and therapy for pyometra in dogs

The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and extent of pyometra in dogs, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments. Tasks: to identify the number of sick animals from the number of non-communicable diseases; to determine the dependence of the disease on the age, breed and health of the animal; to study the picture of the clinical manifestation of the disease; to identify a reliable way to diagnose pyometra; to compare the effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment. The studies were carried out at the Fauna Veterinary Clinic during 2021-2022. 64 dogs diagnosed with pyometra were admitted, representing 13 % of all non-communicable diseases. Breed does not affect the incidence. All ages of animals are susceptible to the disease, but older animals are more likely to suffer from a severe form of the disease - 41 %. Pyometra develops against the background of hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries, and the main cause of the disease is the layered second microflora. In 64 % of cases, the disease is accompanied by discharge from the genital slit of purulent or hemorrhagic exudate, in 36 % of cases, no discharge is observed due to the fact that the cervical canal is closed. Clinically, the disease in animals is characterized by: depression, polyuria, vomiting, the contours of the uterus are relatively easy to palpate (except for obese animals), they are several times enlarged, sausage-shaped. Diagnosis with pyometra must be carried out in a complex way - a thorough history taking, clinical and hematological, ultrasound studies. Ultrasonography makes it possible to differentiate pyometra from other diseases of the uterus with an accuracy of 100 %. The existing conservative treatment is ineffective and eventually ends with surgery. It is advisable to perform ovariohysterectomy immediately after the diagnosis of pyometra.