Evolution of industrial R&D financing in the USA: dynamic and structural features

The subject area of this study includes the features of the dynamics and structure of the financing of industrial R&D that have developed in the United States over the time period 1929-2019, determined by the institutional features and structural changes in the country’s industrial production. The evolution of industrial R&D financing as a socio-historical process reflects the economic transformations caused by the increased mobilization of financial resources for scientific, technical and innovative development. The purpose of the study is to identify and justify current trends in the evolution of industrial R&D financing in the United States, due to structural changes in industrial production over a long period of time. The results of the studies revealed structural relations of sources of direct funding of industrial R&D in the United States (by main areas) in the “customer-contractor” system, implemented bythe public and private research programs. The empirical data obtained generally confirm the theoretical position on the impact of institutional and structural changes observed within the American manufacturing sector over the study period on the evolution of specific R&D financing in terms of increasing their concentration. It also shows the disparity in the territorial allocation of federal funding for industrial R&D in the United States.