Bank and Policy
Статьи журнала - Bank and Policy
Все статьи: 2
Статья
As Uzbekistan expands its international economic orientation, the issue of modernizing state enterprises increasingly intersects with the country’s strategic shift toward cooperation with Europe. This article examines the transformation of Uzbekistan’s state-owned enterprises within the broader context of regulatory harmonization, market transparency, and institutional reforms oriented toward eventual integration with the European economic system. We argue that privatization, ownership restructuring, and competitive market liberalization should not merely be seen as internal modernization tools, but as necessary steps to align Uzbek economic governance and business practices with European standards of accountability, legal stability, and investment security. Theoretical and historical analysis shows that the success of these reforms depends on understanding property relations as evolving social institutions shaped by cultural, political, and global market dynamics. European integration thus represents both a challenge and an opportunity: it demands deep restructuring of state-enterprise governance while simultaneously offering access to capital, technology, and new export markets for Uzbekistan. In contemporary economic policy discourse, the reduction of excessive state participation in the economy—combined with the opening of markets and stimulation of competition—has become an important foundation for countries seeking deeper integration into the European economic space. For Uzbekistan, the modernization of state enterprises is not only a domestic reform project but also a prerequisite for aligning national economic practices with those institutional norms that characterize successful European market economies.
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Статья
This study presents an integrated comparative analysis of sustainable development and ecological transformation across OECD member states and Ukraine, with a particular focus on environmental governance, resource efficiency, and the systemic modernization of economic processes. While OECD countries have progressively advanced green transition initiatives, Ukraine now faces the dual challenge of ecological degradation and war-induced environmental damage, making sustainable development not merely a forward-looking strategy, but an urgent existential requirement. The research examines how environmental strategies, green technologies, and eco-innovation policies operate within differing national contexts, evaluating their capacity to stimulate economic growth while maintaining ecosystem resilience. Methodologically, the study applies both qualitative and quantitative approaches, incorporating statistical modeling, comparative analysis, and the OECD “green growth” indicator system. The findings reveal distinct structural patterns in environmental performance among the studied countries, identifying the critical gap between Ukraine and leading OECD economies in terms of ecological productivity, natural-resource efficiency, and innovation-driven sustainability. The article argues that effective ecological recovery in Ukraine must be based on deep institutional reform, adoption of environmental taxation, sectoral greening of industry, and large-scale restoration of damaged ecosystems. In contrast, OECD states increasingly demonstrate mature ecological cultures, advanced environmental monitoring systems, and diversified green investment instruments. The conclusions develop targeted policy recommendations aimed at Ukrainian authorities, international partners, and donor institutions to support post-war reconstruction through sustainable models, integrating ecosystem restoration, circular economy practices, and green financial frameworks. This research thus provides a scientifically grounded basis for Ukraine’s ecological reintegration into the European space and contributes to broader discussions on global environmental resilience and equitable green transition.
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