On the problem of speech genres in literary studies

The article deals with the problem of studying M.M. Bakhtin's theory of speech genres. At the present stage of the development of philology, there are more and more works continuing the study of speech genres, but it cannot be argued that the potential of the Bakhtin's concept has been fully realized. Firstly, this is expressed in the absence of a generally accepted classification of speech genres, since they are too heterogeneous, and it is difficult to distinguish their common parameters. Secondly, speech genres are considered mainly in linguistics as the object of research of modern discursive practices. The linguistic theory of speech genres rarely concerns the issues of the poetics of a literary text, while linguists confirm most of their arguments with the examples from literary practice. The main aim of the article is to outline possible points of contact between M.M. Bakhtin's theory of speech genres and contemporary literary study and to define the potential for the use of the main premises of Bakhtin's theory in literary practice of artistic phenomena analysis. The lack of clarity of the methodology for analyzing speech genres in the field of literary studies determines the relevance of this article. In order to achieve the aim a comparative review of the main genre trends and concepts in linguistics and literary studies has been carried out in the paper. A comparative analysis of linguistic and literary approaches to the study of speech genres leads to the following conclusion. Literary research of speech genres in the structure of a narrative text is determined, on the one hand, by their functional and communicative content, and, on the other hand, by the author's narrative strategy, which determines their artistic individualization.