Concerning the systematization of theoretical approaches to studying self-destructive behavior in traditional and post-non-classical psychology

The problem of self-destructive behavior is relevant and extremely important for Russia in particular and the international community in general due to the massive increase in such a behavior today. In Russia, suicide is a bigger killer than criminal, car accidents and other death causes. The society and state need to elaborate constructive attitudes as well as prevention strategies and provide comprehensive care and support for the groups at risk of self-destructive behavior. To make the problem more visible, it is necessary to analyze international practices in suicide prevention. The international approaches to discussing the self-destructive behavior are described. The authors assume the postulates about self-destruction in the psychoanalyses of such psychological scientists as S. Freud, А. Adler, C.G. Jung, the cognitive behavioral studies of А. Bandura, А. Beck, the humanistic psychology of K. Horney, E. Fromm, C. Rogers, А. Maslow, the existential psychology of V. Frankl, the phenomenological approach of E. Shneidman, N. Farberrow. Modern approaches to dealing with self-destruction are proposed to be systematized on the basis of three hierarchical levels of analysis: micro-level, meso-level and macro-level. Each of them is exemplified. The systematization of traditional and post-non-classical approaches to reviewing the problem of self-destructive behavior makes it possible to determine the factors and mechanisms for the patterns of self-destructive behavior and describe the possible areas of suicide prevention.