To the question of the formation of the spiritual and moral foundations of Russian civil identity

Introduction. The priority for the development of Russian society is the strengthening of Russian statehood. The strategic purpose defining the policy of successful functioning and development of the state becomes the preservation of the Russian people as a single holistic entity. The main condition for achieving the unification of multi-ethnic and multi-religious Russian society is the formation of Russian identity. At the same time, there is a need to solve the discussion question of the relationship between Russian identity and human identity, including whether Russian identity is nationality or citizenship. The purpose of the article is to examine the structure of public-civic identity as a social setup; In determining and analyzing mechanisms and methods of forming the value basis of Russian identity, its cognitive, emotional and behavioural components in terms of activity and cultural and historical approaches. Materials and Methods. Cultural-historical, activity and humanistic approaches, normative-value concept of social action and theory of social setting were used as theoretical and methodological basis for research of aspects of phomization of spiritual and moral basis of Russian identity. Results. To characterize the identity of citizens of the Russian Federation (Russian citizens), we use the concept of “Russian civil identity”. To characterize Russian nationality (Russians), we use the concept of “Russian civil identity”. This makes it possible to distinguish between “Russian civil identity” and “Russian national identity”. In the English-language version, these concepts are marked the same (Russian identity). Russian civil identity is considered as a social establishment of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the formation of which takes place through the formation of its components: cognitive, emotional and behavioural in social-useful and socio-cultural activities. The mechanism for forming the value basis of Russian identity is the process of interiorization by the person of spiritual and moral values in the course of education and self-education during immersion in social-useful and socio-cultural activities. Personality interiorization of the value basis of Russian identity occurs by transferring cultural code from generation to generation using an information method (cognitive mechanism); Emotional infection and identification with behavioral models of reference groups as a result of participation in socially useful and socio-cultural activities (emotional and behavioural mechanisms). Discussion and Conclusions. In the rapidly changing modern world, the role of public-civil identity as a factor consolidating society and strengthening statehood has increased. Since the State is a social institution created by citizens of the country in a single territory to ensure the State administration of the life of society, it is important to form a State-civil identity as the State is perceived by its citizens. In order to form and strengthen civil identity, the State needs, on the one hand, to create conditions for the population of the country to form a positive image of the State as a collective entity with spiritual and moral values as a priority. On the other hand, to create appropriate conditions for successful interiorization by the person of the value basis of Russian identity. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural self-identification of an individual with norms and values of a certain sociocultural environment, its cultural and spiritual code creates a single line of development of the country and its people.