On the question of the place of justices of the peace in the judicial system of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the historical roots of world justice dating back to the Judicial Reform of 1864, as well as foreign models (English and French) that influenced its formation. In the Russian Empire, the two-tier system (justices of the peace and their congresses) ensured organizational autonomy, but maintained its connection with the national legal space. The modern dualism of the status of magistrates generates institutional and procedural contradictions. Despite simplified procedures and the priority of reconciliation of the parties, their procedural autonomy is limited by federal legislation and the judicial control system. The author emphasizes the need for a balance between simplification of proceedings and compliance with procedural guarantees that exclude violations of the rights of participants. Further autonomization of world justice requires solving the dilemma between the expansion of judicial discretion and the rule of law.