To the question concerning different approaches to the problem of translation

The article is dedicated to the problem of translation and considers the philosophical (social, cultural, aesthetic) significance of translation as a component of the cultural life of the people. The authors rely on authoritative sources and relate the problems of translation with the problems of understanding; they focus on translation from one language into another language. The main directions in the study of the specifics of the translation are revealed. One direction is focused on the examination of objective, objectified properties of the text, and the second one focuses on interpreting the activities of the translator as specific, socially and culturally determined. The authors focus on the possibility of preserving by the translator in the process of translation of all types of meanings in the original text, namely, referential, pragmatic and intralinguistic. The authors come to the conclusion that it is fundamentally impossible to give a general outline of the "order of importance of the transfer of meanings", suitable for texts of any type and genre: in each specific case, the translator must decide what values should be given advantage in transmission, and which can be sacrificed, so as to minimize the loss of information, the most essential for this text. As examples of the translator's finding of equivalents when translating from the SL into the TL, the article contains two fragments of texts: popular science from Russian into English and artistic from English into Russian.