Оn the question of the formation of correctional institutions in the pre-revolutionary period

In order to form a truly democratic legal state in Russia, it is necessary to improve the system of places of deprivation of liberty, to create conditions under which convicts who have left places of detention could resume their normal lives and not pose a threat to society. A special place in solving these problems is occupied not only by the places of detention, but also by society, which should be informed about the state of affairs in the system of places of detention and correctional labor institutions, both in the past and in the present. In this regard, the study of the history of the formation of correctional institutions in the pre-revolutionary period becomes even more relevant. The authors draw attention to the formation and main stages in the development of places of deprivation of liberty in the history of correctional institutions of the Russian state. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the fact that imprisonment in the form of imprisonment as a punishment enshrined in the legal act of the state appeared in Rus’ only with the adoption of the Judicial Code of Ivan the Terrible in 1550, references to prisoners in Russian history are already in the annals of Ancient Rus’. At that time, imprisonment was not a form of punishment, but rather a measure to eliminate a particular person, therefore, it most often occurred in the form of military captivity and slavery. However, the most detailed and purposeful regulatory regulation of the system of correctional institutions in Russia has been developed since the 19th century.