Different classes of nutrients added to the diet influence meat quality in Arbor acres meat cross broiler chicken (Gallus gallus L.)

In recent decades, broiler poultry farming has made significant progress in use of poultry productive potential, largely due to the improved diets. Various additives change the quality parameters of poultry meat, its safety and benefits for human health. This work is the first to describe the effect of added dietary proteins, fats and carbohydrates on the breast meat quality. Our objective was to evaluate the meat qualitative parameters in broiler fed diets enriched with added nutrients of different classes, namely proteins, fats, carbohydrates. The studies were conducted at the FSC of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS in 2023 on broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus L.) of Arbor Acres meat cross. Four groups ( n = 30 each) of 7-day-old broiler chickens with a live weight of 183.8±6.48 g were formed. The control group received a balanced diet according to the recommendations of the All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Breeding. The protein content in the diet of experimental group 1 was increased by adding casein at 10 % DM of the diet, dextrose (10 % DM) was added in experimental group 2, and fat (sunflower oil, 10 % DM) in experimental group 3. The starter diet was the complete feed PK-0 (from day 0 to day 10), the growth diet was PK-5 (from day 11 to day 20), and the finishing diet was PK-6 (from day 21 to day 35). The basal diet was wheat, barley, corn, soybean, sunflower and soybean meal, sunflower oil, limestone meal, salt, meat meal, amino acids, vitamin and mineral premix (Koudais MKorma, Russia) at 2.5 % per 1 t. Chicks had free access to feed and water. The experiment lasted 35 days. The chicks were slaughtered at 42 days of age and allowed for 24 hours at 2-4 °C, and then the left large pectoral muscle was taken for analysis. The samples were analyzed for moisture and dry matter content (State Standard 33319-2015), protein (State Standard 25011-2017), fat (State Standard 23042-2015), ash (State Standard 31727-2012), amino acid (State Standard 34132-2017) and fatty acid (State Standard R 55483-2013) composition. The elemental composition of meat for Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Hg, Sr, V, Zn was assessed by atomic emission and mass spectrometry methods. Ashing of biosubstrates was performed using a MD-2000 DV microwave decomposition system (PerkinElmer, USA). The content of elements in the ashes was evaluated using an Elan 9000 mass spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) and Optima 2000 V atomic emission spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA). Added dietary casein (experimental group 1) increased the dry matter amounr by 1.5 %, protein by 1.6 %, stearic fatty acid by 0.4 %, arginine by 1.6 %, lysine by 1.6 %, tyrosine by 0.7 %, phenylalanine by 0.8 %, histidine by 0.7 %, leucine + isoleucine by 2,2 %, methionine by 0,6 %, proline by 0,7 %, threonine by 1,0 %, alanine by 2,4 %, glycine by 0,8 %, Fe by 89,7 %, Zn by 61,1 %, Co by 200 %, while decreased the B concentration by 29,4 %, Ni by 50,0 % and As by 37,5 % vs. control. The high-carbohydrate diet (experimental group 2) increased dry matter by 1.1 %, oleic acid by 1.1 %, arginine by 1.3 %, lysine by 1.2 %, phenylalanine by 0,7 %, histidine by 0,5 %, methionine by 0,3 %, proline by 0,5 %, threonine by 0,8 %, alanine by 2,3 %, and reduced palmitic fatty acid by 1,2 %, Cu by 40,8 %, and I by 25,0 %. Increasing the amount of vegetable fats in the diet (experimental group 3) resulted in increased dry matter content by 1.8 %, fat by 0.7 %, protein by 1.1 %, linoleic acid by 2.4 %, linolenic acid by 0.4 %, oleic acid by 2,9 %, arginine by 0,3 %, Co by 50,0 %, and in a decrease in palmitic acid content by 0,8 %, stearic acid by 0,3 %, glycine by 0,2 %, Ca by 40,0 %, Fe by 22,5 %, I by 25,0 %, As by 75,0 %, and B by 35,3 %. Therefore, the 10% supplementation of a basal diet with different nutrients had a significant effect on the qualitative parameters of breast muscle in Arbor Acres meat cross broilers