Noun case category in the English, Russian and Tatar languages (comparative and typological aspect)

Statement of the problem. The problem of the research is that, despite a fairly extensive and long-term study of the case category in individual languages, the specifics of its implementation in different languages in a comparative context for interlanguage communication, adequate translation, and learning remain not fully understood. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of case systems in the structural organization and functioning of the compared languages, to identify common features and differences. The methodology includes data analysis methods, including a comparison of structural aspects of the case category in three languages, descriptive, comparative and typological methods to identify similarities and differences; consideration of historical, cultural and linguistic features of languages; interpretation of the results. Research results: the category of noun case in typologically different languages manifests itself to varying degrees and with different functional roles, which is explained by the morphological, historical and cognitive features of their language systems. It has been established that in Russian and Tatar the case category is expressed by a rich system of morphological forms, in English it is mainly using syntactic means, and the morphological case system is practically absent. Conclusions. In inflectional Russian and Tatar, case forms play a key role in the syntactic organization of sentences; in analytical English, the case category is expressed primarily by syntactic means. At the same time, English shows pronounced analytical features, and in Russian, along with the dominant inflection, there are also analytical means of expressing case values (prepositions). The author’s contribution lies in the fact that the research results contribute to the development of the theory of linguistic typology, expanding the understanding of variability and universality of the grammatical category of case in different languages of the world.