Casus of Ivan Ilyin and transcendental foundations of fascism

The article presents a study of transcendental foundations of the ideology of fascism in connection with polemics around the personality and heritage of the Russian philosopher Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. The article analyzes specifics of the fascism phenomenon, possible bases of its philosophy, using the example of M. Heidegger’s and D. Gentile’s ideas. The article asserts the anti-individualistic character of fascist ideology. Against this ideological background, a reconstruction of philosophical views of I. A. Ilyin as a supporter of Christian personalism, a phenomenologist in the field of epistemology and a neo-Kantian in philosophy of law is proposed. Without denying that I. A. Ilyin as a political publicist and propagandist supported European fascism, the conclusion is made that his political preferences do not correspond to his philosophical views and are subjective in nature.