Acid hydrolases of lysosomes in the adaptive reactions of herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg (Clupeidae) from different bays of the White Sea

The comparative study of the activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, RNase, DNase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase) was carried out in the tissues of herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg from the Kandalaksha, Onega and Dvina Bays of the White Sea. These are distinct both in hydrological parameters and in anthropogenic impact. It was shown that activity of most acid hydrolases in the liver, gills and muscles was significantly higher in fish from the Onega and Dvina Bays. It may indicate that the herring tissue lysosomes take part in adaptive metabolic rearrangements in response to a variety of environmental factors specific for the studied biotopes. In the Onega Bay these factors are lower temperatures and industrial drains, whereas in the Dvinsky Bay they are freshening, oxygen deficiency and the high degree of water pollution. The main targets are gills involved in the processes of respiration and osmotic regulation, as well as the liver responsible for the biosynthesis of macromolecules necessary for the body and the biotransformation of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics. According to our data, acidic phosphatase, RNase and β-glucuronidase make the greatest contribution to the compensation of the possible effect of environmental factors and maintenance of fish homeostasis. The highest activity of lysosomal enzymes was detected in fish gonads from the Kandalaksha Bay. It can be explained by the higher maturity of the fish in comparison with the representatives of other local populations. Minor differences in DNase activity in C. pallasi marisalbi Berg from different Bays are most likely the evidence of low involvement of the genome in adaptive responses of studied fish.