China on the Great Silk Road and in Transcaucasia

China is one of the Great Powers in the World. It plays outstanding role in the International Relations. China and Russia have Long Border and Close Relations. China is very important for Russia. Without good Relations with China Russia meets Difficulties in it‘s International Relations. Russia is important for China in the Chinese economic development (especially in the real sector) and in the Chinese military sphere. Soviet assistance was especially important for Chine in the Period of the First Civil War 1925–1927 in China, during Anti-Japanese War 1937—1945 and in 1950 years period (foundation of the modern industry (including creation of the A Group) in China). At present time Russian Federation gets China assistance in Group A and in Military Industry. This article is devoted to the Chinese policy in Great Silk Road region and in Transcaucasia in accordance to «One Road – One Way» (带 --- 一 路) conception. It consists of three parts. First Part is devoted to Confucianism, to the theory of the Universal State and to the conception «One Road – One Way» (带 --- 一 路). Confucianism has 8 principles: Faithfulness to state, Respect to Parents and to Elders, Kind, Duty, Like, Ceremonial, Wife‘s Faithfulness to Her Husband, Shame. Orthodox Christianity agrees to every above-mentioned principle, except the Ceremonial only. Confucianism was the base of the theory of the Universal State. This theory considers China and Chinese Emperor as a Suzerain and every other state and nationality as vassal. Vassals consisted of three groups. Representatives of the first group were very close to the Chinese (Han) nationality. The Chinese language was their second native language. President of the Northern Vietnam Ho Shi Ming for example knew the Chinese language better than Mao Zedungs. The First Group‘s vassals recognise themselves as Chinese vassals and fulfiled vassal duties honestly. States of the First Group were Lutsu (Ruku, the Japanese province, now), Korea, Vietnam. The Second Group of vassals were Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Philippine, South-West Asia. This Group co-operated with China in the field of administration, science, foreign policy, in the military sphere. Countries or the Second Group recognise themselves as Chinese vassals but fulfiled vassal duties not so honestly and not very exactly. The Third Group was represented by states which did not recognise themselves as Chinese vassals. In the end of 19-th century Chinese Empire adopted modern conception of the International Relations. But China continued to keep vassal stature for vassal of the First and Second Groups. Since 2013 conception «One Road – One Way» (带 --- 一 路) became the base of the Chinese Foreign Policy. This conception orientates the Chinese People Republic to occupy leading role in main part of the planet, to instruct former vassal states and to be master in the Central Asia and especially in the Great Silk Road. The Great Silk Road and it‘s lands are especially important for the Chinese security. The Second Part of article is devoted to the Chinese activity in the sphere of the Great Silk Road. In 7-th century territories of modern Chinese provinces Gansu and Sinhai, northern part of Xinjiang, east part of modern Kazakhstan (till Balhash lake) and whole Kirghisia became part of China. More than one third Great Silk Road became a part of the Chinese state‘s territory. Arabian Caliphate stopped Chinese expansion in the Middle Asia. Arabian army broke down Chinese troops in 750. Chinese Empire had lost lands in Kirghisia, Kazakhstan and in Xinjiang. In the middle of 18-th century Chinese army broke down Dzungar state and annexed the whole territory of Xinjiang. But China made a failure in conflict against Russia. So the Middle Asia and Kazakhstan became part of the Russian state‘s territory. China in past and now thinks Kirghisia, Pamir and Kazakhstan to be historical Chinese lands which China has lost. Conception «One Road – One Way» (一 带 --- 一 路) gives the Chinese People Republic orientation to fix it‘s firm positions in states of Middle Asia and in Kazakhstan. So China limited with small correction it‘s border line with Kazakhstan, Kirghisia and Tadjikistan. Chinese People Republic strengthened it‘s positions in economy of these countries especially in finance. Tadjikistan has debt for China and cannot pay really. Tadjikistan is becoming dependant on China country. The Third Part of the article is devoted to the Chinese expansion in Transcaucasia. Before the Collapse of the USSR China did not expand to this region. It began to do it soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Chinese People Republic activated it‘s police in Transcaucasia in accordance to «One Road – One Way» (一 带 --- 一 路) conception. Beijing wants to have communications from Baku to Poti and Batumi. China has got Azerbaijan‘s and Georgian permission to it‘s police. But Beijing tries to avoid serious contacts with Ankara and Moscow on these questions.