Elements of an effective system of milk production

Dairy cattle breeding is a priority sector of agriculture in the Yaroslavl Oblast. Gross milk yield in the region amounted to 281 thousand tons in 2017. One hundred and twenty-eight agricultural enterprises are engaged in milk production in the region, five of them have milk yield per cow over 8,000 kg, the share of these farms is 34% of the total gross milk yield. One of the successful enterprises is OOO Plemzavod Rodina of the Yaroslavl municipal district of the Yaro-slavl Oblast; its technological and organizational and economic model of production of milk is of interest for replication of experience and practice in farms of this type. The purpose of the research is to analyze the main elements of an effective production system of milk production, namely: obtaining high-quality fodder and balanced feeding, directed cultivation of replacement young animals, and creating comfortable conditions for livestock. Production of quality fodders in the farm helps reduce the share of concentrates in the structure of feeding dairy cattle to 44%. The housing conditions for cows at the Sandyrevo farm meet the parameters of comfort: a small number of cows in the group, the front of feeding - at least 75 cm, the front of drinking - at least 10-15 cm, air volume - at least 30 m3 per cow. The system of growing young animals used in the farm allows obtaining an average daily increase in live weight from 750 g to 1,150 g in different age periods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study consists of the works of domestic scientists; general scientific research methods (monographic, economic and statistical, etc.) and table methods of data visualization were used. The practical significance of the results is determined by the possibility of their use by specialists and managers of farms, as well as researchers in the field of agriculture for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the dairy industry, and develop directions for the introduction of advanced technologies of milk production.