Cognitive disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease in the pre-dialysis period

Objective: to study the cognitive status of patients in the pre-dialysis period depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the category of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Material and Methods. We examined 98 patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis period (mean age 47.1 ±11.2 years). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the criteria of CVR stratification. Group 1 consisted of 32 patients with low and moderate CVR and CKD stage C1 or C2; group 2 included 34 patients with high CVR and CKD stage C3a or C3b; group 3 assumed 32 patients with very high CVR and CKD stage C4. The SAGE test (Self-administered Gerocognitive Examination) was used to assess cognitive functions. Results. Cognitive impairment (Cl) was detected in 57% of the patients: in the 1st group in 37.5%; in the 2nd group in 44.1 %; in 3rd group in 90.5%. Dementia was diagnosed in 19% of patients with Cl. A correlation was found between the severity of Cl, the degree of decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and the educational qualification of patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis period (p<0.001). It was found that the examined persons CKD first of all had memory, constructive-spatial and logical thinking disorders. Conclusion. Chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for the development of Cl. Cognitive impairment progressed as the CKD stage elevated and the patient's CVR category increased, and was detected in 37.5% of patients with low or moderate CVR, 44.1% of patients with high CVR, and 90.5% of patients with very high CVR.