The concept of existentials in the treatise “Being and time” by M. Heidegger

The paper analyzes the concept of existentials in the early Martin Heidegger’s philosophy. Human in being in terms of Dasein is the starting point for his analysis. This is the conscious concrete being, human presence. A way of being which is typical for human, the ontological temporality of presence of individuals are defined as existence (Existenz) by the German thinker. However, existence and Dasein are not the same thing. Dasein is existential matrix which ontologically defines all other fundamental, essential and derivative existentials: being-in-the world (In-der-Welt-Sein), being-with (Mit-Sein), openness (Offenheit), attunement (Befindlichkeit), understanding (Verstehen), discourse (Rede), mood (Stimmung), falling prey (Verfallen), care (Sorge), thrownness (Geworfenheit), fear (Angst), resoluteness (Entschlossenheit), being-toward-death (Sein-zum-Tode), conscience (Gewissen), truth (Wahrheit), temporality (Zeitlichkeit), historicity (Geschichtlichkeit). Conversely, existence is the intentional being-in-the world of a certain individual, his situational ontological “disclosure in the world”. The authors emphasize that care is the core existential uniting all modes of human being in the fundamental ontology of Heidegger while being-in-the-world is the initial existential. Being an “own” way of human presence in the world, “care” constitutes the integral structure of existence of the individual.