Controlled minimally invasive surgical interventions in the treatment of patients with benign thyroid gland nodules with increased volume. (Literature Review part II)

This literature review presents a systematic evaluation of contemporary studies, encompassing representative works dedicated to various methods of managing thyroid nodules with increased volume under ultrasound guidance. Special attention is given to the fundamental principles of performing interventions and to the analysis of technologies applied in hyperthermic (laser, radiofrequency, ultrasound, and microwave ablation), chemical (percutaneous ethanol injection, percutaneous polidocanol injection) and mixed (photodynamic therapy) ablations. The review also provides a comparative analysis of controlled minimally invasive treatment methods for the benign thyroid nodules with increased volume, with the aim of assessing their clinical efficacy and safety, as well as feasibility of selecting these methods as alternatives to traditional surgical interventions.