The outline of Russian utopias or boundaries between positive and negative imaginary worlds

The problem of distinguishing between utopias and antiutopias is primarily the problem of acceptance or rejection, modeled by a writer or philosopher of the world. The question of who exactly evaluates the fictional world as utopian or dystopian remains open in this approach. The author of the article demonstrates three approaches to assessing social models internal, author’s and reader’s. As an example, consider Russian utopias of the 18th 21st centuries. That the world of utopia dystopia is evaluated by the people who inhabit it. In this case, with a dystopian model, the characters declare their disagreement with the existing order of things, oppose it. The external approach is based on the reader’s or the author’s assessment of the described reality, while the author’s position is most often demonstrated with the help of irony and sarcasm, and the reader’s assessment is not expressed in any way in the text of the work.