Коренные малочисленные народы Российской Европейской территории

Indigenous peoples of the Russian European territory

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to preserve and develop indigenous peoples. In the Russian Federation, 47 peoples have the official status of indigenous peoples, seven of them are located on European territory, three in the North of European and Asian territory, and thirty-seven in Asian territory. The purpose is to consider the problems of indigenous peoples living in the European territory, the task is to show the peculiarities of the existence of these peoples. Research methods - analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, statistical method. The object of the study is the indigenous peoples of the Russian European territory - the Abaza, Besermyan, Veps, Vod, Izhorians, Sami, Setu (Seto), as well as the Nenets in Komi, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, the Mansi and the Khanty in Komi. In the course of the study, the following results were obtained. The results of the 2020 All-Russian Population Census were used, containing data on seven indigenous peoples located in the European territory of predominant residence, as well as on the Mansi, Nenets and Khanty living in the North of the European territory. Indigenous peoples differ in natural, territorial, demographic, cultural, social and economic characteristics. The dynamics of the population and proficiency in the native language of indigenous peoples between the All-Russian population censuses of 2002, 2010 and 2020 is shown. The following are shown: the territorial distribution of indigenous peoples according to their predominant residence in the regions, the size of the urban and rural population, age composition, educational level, sources of livelihood, birth of children, marital status, the status of participation of indigenous peoples in the labor force and employment of the population. The main provisions of the conclusion include: it is necessary to fully comply with the constitutional requirement that the Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples, including those located on Russian European territory; It is necessary to comply with the guarantees defined in federal legislation for the distinctive development of indigenous peoples, the protection of their ancestral habitat, traditional way of life, economic activities and crafts. First of all, we are talking about the effective exercise of powers by federal and regional bodies of state power, local self-government bodies, the observance of the rights of indigenous peoples, associations and people belonging to them, the effective judicial protection of their rights, the development of territorial public self-government, communities and other associations of indigenous peoples. In addition, it should be taken into account that the Mansi, Nenets and Khanty are indigenous peoples of the North of both European and Asian Russian territory. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with the legal nomes of federal laws on the formation, protection and use of territories of traditional nature use in order to conduct traditional nature management and lifestyle in these territories, to observe the general principles of the organization and activities of communities to protect the original habitat, traditional way of life, rights and legitimate interests, the foundations of the community form of self-government and state guarantees for its implementation. It should be noted that the Strategy of the State Ethnic Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 clearly prioritizes the observance of the rights of indigenous peoples, the principle of sustainable economic, social and cultural development of indigenous peoples, the protection of their ancestral habitat and traditional way of life, and the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of these peoples. All these regulatory legal requirements fully apply to the indigenous peoples living on the Russian European territory.