Cosmological Archetypes in National Versions of the Epic “Jangar”

The article examines cosmological archetypes: the world tree, the world mountain, the palace of the khan-ruler in the songs of the Xinjiang Oirat and Kalmyk versions of the epic “Dzhangar”. The purpose of the study is a comparative and contrastive examination of cosmological objects in the national versions of “Dzhangar”. The material of the study is the texts of the songs of the Xinjiang Oirat epic tradition “Dzhangar”, published in the Oirat script “todo bichig” (“clear writing”), translated into the Kalmyk language by B.Kh. Todayeva, as well as the texts of the Kalmyk version of the epic. The study of the motifs of the world tree, mountain and palace of the ruler of the Bombay country showed that cosmological objects have similar qualities. The description of the world tree represents a vertical model of the world: branches, trunk and roots are related to the three worlds. The world mountain, like the umbilical cord, personifi es the cosmic support and the center of the earth. In the Xinjiang Oirat version, in the magtal-praise of the Jangar palace, the majestic golden- motley palace of the khan is also depicted as the navel of the earth and sky. In the description of the construction of the dwelling for the khan-ruler, there are echoes of cosmological ideas dating back to the mythological three-world. The epic palace, personifying the center of the universe, around which the nomadic camp of the epic clan-tribe is thought of, respectively, the epic ruler, occupying the most honorable central place, around which the heroes of the left and right sides are located, refl ects the ancient element of the social and military organization of the nomadic state.