Lexicon of legal language, terms and its classification

Any style in common language is focused on a specific goal and task. “The purpose and task of scientific discourse is to consist of scholars who provide information from scientific communication, recipients of higher education, and the form of communication is a form of written or oral literary speech. As a result of these factors, a scientific style is formed and differs from other types of speech on the background of a unified literary language. The purpose and task of the artistic style is to illustrate, generalize and illuminate the realities of life in an artistic, generalized and realistic way, as well as to have an aesthetic and emotional impact on the listener. To enhance the aesthetic effect of the work, the writer skillfully uses all the lexical and grammatical means of language, as well as various means of artistic representation, trying to create new means of expression. Accordingly, all methods differ in the use of language tools. Although any style specific to a particular area of social life operates within a literary language, it may not fully reflect all the language tools available in a literary language, it may not incorporate or express only some aspects of the language tools at all. Legal language, as the basis of the formal method of work, has its own lexical and semantic features. It is known that the main features of legal language are its rigidity, objectivity (neutrality), formality, clarity and conciseness, and logical consistency. These symbols imply that not all words in the common language are used in legal language and define the lexical word selection criteria of legal language. It is necessary to classify all words in the legal language according to their content and essence:

Common vocabulary.

Phraseological lexicon.

Vocabulary of terms.

Common vocabulary. Common lexicon is words used in all functional styles, the scope of which is not limited, as well as words that are understandable to all people. They are widely used in people's daily activities. Examples of such words are conscience, man, word, information, life, conditions, experience, mystery, property, labor, rest, education, upbringing. Such words form the basis of the vocabulary of any language.Common words are also widely used in legal language.

Common words in the expression of legal norms form a major part of the legal language lexicon. For example: Article 4 The state language of the Republic of Uzbekistan is Uzbek.

The Republic of Uzbekistan shall ensure respect for the languages, customs and traditions of all nations and peoples living on its territory, and create conditions for their development. (Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 4). Apparently, a total of 28 words were involved in the expression of this legal norm, of which the following 23 are common words: language, own, territory, inhabitant, all, nation, ethnicity, customs, traditions, respect. They are used in common terms, such as provide, create, create conditions for and.It is natural that the common language in the legal language is the majority, because the law is always very diverse in content, and at the same time is a document that regulates a wide range of socio-legal relations, which applies not only to experts but all citizens of the country. or apply in this way. Noting this fact, the authors of the book "Legal Language" write: "Legislation uses common terms, it is considered on the basis of the usual dictionary of the language."Indeed, the law needs to be structured to take into account the perceptual capabilities of the general public in terms of language, without which it is impossible to ensure the priority of a continuous link between the law and society. In this sense, it is necessary to have a high share of common lexicon in the legal language, it is not expedient to lexically specialize the legal language. When it comes to the use of common words in the legal language, it should be noted that in the Constitution, common words are used more widely than in other laws. Observations show that in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as noted above, 5421 words are used, of which seventy percent are common words. Examples of such words include: people, source, life, important, matter, general, work, separate, principle, human, honor, dignity, value, activity, labor, prosperity, language, religion, belief, all and others.

Also, some common words lose their emotional-expressive character in speech and become formal. For example, in speech, the words theft, speculation, fraud have a stylistic color and are used in a more negative sense. In the text of the law, however, these features disappear, and they become formal, with a specific meaning, as a result of which they serve as a legal term. For example:Theft, ie secret looting of another's property, is punishable by up to three years in prison. (Criminal Code Article-169).Fraud, i.e. the acquisition of another’s property or property rights through deception or abuse of trust ... is punishable by up to six months in prison .(Criminal Code Article-168). It should be noted that legal language does not accept all groups of words in common use.

Phraseological lexicon. Not only words but also phrases are actively used in speech. Including grace code, administrative code, criminal law, etc. Although such phrases consist of two or more words, they have the same lexical meaning, that is, they are equal to one word, for example, when we say criminal code, we mean the code of punishment for a crime. Such compounds are considered free compounds and can be replaced by any words they want, for example, criminal - criminal law process - criminal code. But in it they appear as different means of expression. Moreover, there are few fixed compounds in our language, and when they are separated from each other, they do not give the same meaning. For example, to plead guilty, to lose the ability to work, to terminate a criminal case. Such compounds have a portable meaning and are not accepted in their true sense. Such stable compounds are widely used in legal texts. For example, to admit guilt means to admit guilt, and to terminate a criminal case means to have completed the criminal case. In linguistics, such stable compounds are called idioms (phraseology). For example: A search, seizure, inspection of a person's residence or other building or territory, recording and seizure of postal and telegraphic items in communication establishments, hearing of words carried out by telephones and other communication devices shall be carried out only in cases and in accordance with this Code can be increased. (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 18) Apparently, this article contains phrases such as possession, search, seizure, inspection, seizure, speech devices, carry, carry out. In general, today's text of the law uses a number of terms, such as improving the environment, loss of ability to work, mitigation of punishment, aggravation of guilt, confession, confession, criminal prosecution, openness. There is, of course, an objective reason why such expressions are so widely used in legal language. As you know, one of the most important requirements for legal language is clarity. To meet this requirement, many socio-political, legal, as well as terms derived from various spheres of life are used. One of the most important features of phrases is that they are close to terms. This is why some phrases are often used in legal texts. The terms used in the legal text refer to concepts that belong to or are closer to the legal field. For example, the term incapacity for work means incapacity for work, the term to initiate a criminal case means a fact, the beginning of an investigation to determine the true nature of the incident, the term to prosecute means to give up. Apparently, the answer in court for a crime that is common and phraseological in legal language lexicons are used very actively and they play an important role in the perfect development of legal norms based on the requirements of legal language.