Lichenoindication of urban ecosystems of the western part of Azerbaijan

The lichenoindication method has been used for several decades to assess the level of environmental pollution. As a result of numerous field and laboratory studies, it has been proved that the main factor in the destruction of lichens in cities is air pollution in industrial centers. There is no doubt that the microclimate conditions (an increase in air dryness, a change in temperature, a decrease and increase in dew, a weakening of solar radiation) have a negative impact on the spread of lichens. One of the most important problems of environmental assessment of the environment is the selection of bioindicators and the assessment of tolerance. It is important to study the species composition of lichens in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. As symbiotic organisms, lichens are of particular importance for lichenological research. Under favorable conditions, their annual growth is 1-8 mm. Lichens are deciduous, bushy grow faster than scale. The average age of deciduous and shrubby lichens is 30-80 years, some of them live up to 600 years. Lichens play an important role as a bioindicator of environmental pollution. In comparison with chemicophysical methods, the bioindication method has a number of advantages. It does not require expensive equipment and fixtures. The results are obtained by continuous observations without interfering with the processes of vital activity of the organism. The differentiating factor of species composition in urban conditions is environmental pollution.