False friends of a translator, synonyms and neologisms in the terminological field academic writing

the article is aimed at analyzing and describing the features of the use of English terms as part of the terminological field academic writing. The reasons for borrowing are identified and the functional properties of borrowed terms are compared. On the basis of frequency analysis with the help of dictionaries and network research, as well as an appeal to the etymology of terms, an attempt was made to find out the connatative differences of terms and clarify the area of their professional usage from linguistic point of view. The main attention is paid to the so-called false friends of the translator, the incorrect use of which can lead to misunderstanding and mistranslation of the text. In addition, partial synonyms are described, which, as a result of the development of the Russian language, quite significantly change the connotation in the process of diachronic development. Examples of neologisms appearing in the terminological field of academic writing are given. The research method is comparative based on a literary analysis of English and Russian-language scientific texts, the national corpus of the Russian language, etymological dictionaries and open Internet sources. The considered linguistic phenomena allow us to conclude that in the field of academic writing, the reasons for borrowing are mainly of an extralinguistic nature. The determining factor is the special status of English as the international language of science and, accordingly, the main source of new terminological nominations. The use of terms must be accurate, so the study of their semantic meaning is necessary for the mutual understanding of researchers in different countries, speaking and writing in different languages.