Minimally invasive surgery in treatment of pathological conditions with duplex kidney in children

In the review we have built up the experience of national and international authors about the treatment of the pathological conditions in duplex upper urinary tracts, including the use of endoscopy and endosurgery. The data are given in terms of the results in endoscopic plastic operation for ureteral orifice with vesicoureteral reflux in complete duplication of upper urinary tracts. We have presented the results of surgery with endoscopic ureterocele incision; the use of conventional techniques and laparoscopic approach for heminephrectomy, creation of an ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy, including robot-assisted operation. It is noted that endoscopic techniques, unlike traditional operational methods, allow to minimize the volume of surgery and risk of body function loss in treatment of pathological conditions associated with the duplex kidney. Besides, endoscopic techniques improve the visualization of the surgical field and reduce hospitalization time. Also, they help patients been activated earlier and allows to avoid a number of complications that are typical for traditional open surgical procedures. Authors have scrutinized the literature on the possible complications received in the postoperative period after endosurgical interventions. It is shown that laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques are in the development stage and accumulation of experience, and are technically difficult operations. In spite of the technical complexity of implementation they are the most preferred methods of surgical intervention in the pathological conditions of the doubled kidney.