Sparsely distributed forage crops in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The aim of the study is to research the effect of the norm of mineral nutrition elements on the planned yield of green mass of Jerusalem artichoke and the time and method of harvesting on the yield and protein content of grain mixtures of winter vetch with winter rye in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the ESC BSAU and PFE F. Zainagabdinov in the southern forest-steppe and pre-Ural steppe zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The first experiment scheme: 1) the estimated dose of NPK per Uп of green mass 20 t/ha (N20K28) (control); 2) Uп of green mass 30 t/ha (N62P12K120); 3) Uпof green mass 40 t/ha (N103P60K213). The total area of the plot is 714 m2, three times replication. Mineral fertilizers were applied in the spring in the form of ammonium nitrate, double granular superphosphate and potassium chloride at planting. Second experiment scheme: 1) single-phase harvesting at a grain moisture content of the reference culture of 14 %; 2) mowing of rolls with a grain moisture content of the reference crop of 30 %; 3) mowing of rolls with a grain moisture content of the reference crop of 20 %. The harvesting of a mixture of winter vetch with a reference crop (winter rye) was carried out in two ways - one-phase and two-phase; in the variants the recommendations of harvesting at a grain moisture content of the reference crop of 14 % were taken into account. The repetition was threefold, the area of the accounting plot was 200 m2 each. The yield of green mass of Jerusalem artichoke plants in the control variant (20 t/ha) was 17.1 t/ha, or 85.5 % of the planned yield. When planning the yield of green mass, 30 t/ha was provided by 92.0 % (27.6 t/ha), 40 t/ha - by 96 % (35.1 t/ha) from the expected level. The grain yield of the mixture from the method and period of harvesting increased by 0.51 t/ha. The protein content in the grain mixture increases from 14.5 to 16.3 % depending on the method and period of harvesting. The protein yield increases due to an increase in the proportion of winter vetch in the grain mixture during the ripening process during two-phase harvesting.