Materials for use in reparative osteogenesis: status of the issue and prospects for use in veterinary science

The aim of research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of modern materials for reparative osteogenesis, to assess their current status, effectiveness and limitations, and to identify promising areas of their application in veterinary practice. The paper presents materials based on the analysis of research in databases of scientific publications and international journals on medicine and veterinary science using the keywords osteogenesis, materials for osteosynthesis in veterinary medicine. Sources published over the past 10 years in Russian and English were used. Currently, the following areas seem promising: the use of combined materials with osteoinductive, osteoconductive, angiogenic properties (for example, based on collagen, hydroxyapatite and growth factors); biodegradable implants that minimize the risks of reoperations; the use of 3D printing for a personalized approach to the reconstruction of bone defects in animals. At the same time, there are a number of limitations and challenges for the implementation of the proposed materials and technologies, such as the development of costeffective manufacturing methods to reduce the cost of materials; the need to adapt medical technologies to veterinary standards. Creating affordable, speciesspecific, and technologically innovative solutions will not only improve the quality of life for animals, but also raise the standard of veterinary care by reducing reliance on outdated or unaffordable methods. Progress in this area requires an interdisciplinary approach. The convergence of biotechnology, nanoengineering, and digital modeling will enable the creation of “smart” materials capable of controlled release of bioactive components and stimulating regeneration. In the coming years, hybrid solutions that combine the effectiveness of synthetic and biological components will become a priority. Particular attention is paid to developments that can overcome the key problems of posttraumatic bone tissue restoration in animals, such as high complication rates, long rehabilitation periods, and economic inexpediency of many existing methods. Despite significant scientific progress, the translation of materials for reparative osteogenesis into veterinary practice requires solving interdisciplinary problems. Success will depend on the cooperation of bioengineers, veterinarians, and pharmaceutical companies focused on creating affordable and speciesadapted products.