Mental matrices of Russian culture and their behavioural scenarios during the times of crisis (poets of the revolution: predictors, protagonists, victims)

The author of this article, devoted to poets of the revolutionary times, the bright representatives of Russian culture and mentality, points out the general for them and Russian culture codes, including those of self-destruction, “imprinted” together with the codes of creation into some kind of ontological matrix of Russia. In the article two discourses, philological and culturological have been integrated. Recognized masters of words of the beginning of the 20th century, being adherents of the innovative ideas in literature, have cardinally affected the fate of domestic and world culture. At the same time they remained carriers of the national mentality which is most brightly shown in literary creativity. The immanent qualities of the Russian mentality which thanks to poets have found the status of a spiritual quintessence of Russian have found the expression in their poetry. Proving the concept of a research, the author gives excerpts from publications of modern philologists and culturologists of Russia and Europe: Y.M. Lotman, I.L. Brazhnikov, V.S. Bayevsky, N.G. Merkulova, N.V. Hudoley, N.A. Simbirtseva, U. Eko and R. Bart. In the work general scientific methods of a research were used: observation over the text, the analysis, synthesis. Also comparative and historical, biographic and motive methods were applied. Life and works of poets of the revolutionary era, on the one hand, is eloquent evidence of spiritual self-sacrifice and moral obligation. On the other hand - an example of stability of mental matrix of the people of Russia. The practical importance of article consists in demonstration of opportunities of cross-cultural approach to the research of key figures (and key texts) of modern culture and also of identification of mental aspects of creativity of representatives of the Silver age of the Russian literature.