Меры предотвращения пожаров навесных вентилируемых фасадов

Автор: Бушманова Александра Васильевна, Михайлова Мария Константиновна, Далинчук Виолетта Сергеевна, Доброгорская Любовь Вячеславовна

Журнал: Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений @unistroy

Статья в выпуске: 9 (48), 2016 года.

Бесплатный доступ

К настоящему моменту навесные вентилируемые фасады активно применяются при реконструкции и новом строительстве зданий по всей территории России. При качественном монтаже, подборе материалов и расчете данной системы, трудностей с ее эксплуатацией не возникает. Однако до сих пор основной проблемой является пожарная безопасность навесных вентилируемых фасадов. В статье рассмотрены причины и последствия возгорания навесных вентилируемых фасадов на примерах резонансных пожаров прошлых лет, а также проанализированы риски, возникающие при пожарах данных систем. В результате выявлены оптимальные технологические пути решения, препятствующие возгоранию и распространению пламени по поверхности вентфасада

Еще

Навесные вентилируемые фасады, теплоизоляция, каркас, строительные конструкции, ограждающие конструкции, пожаробезопасность

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14322357

IDR: 14322357

Список литературы Меры предотвращения пожаров навесных вентилируемых фасадов

Protivopozharnyye trebovaniya pri primenenii v stroitelstve sistem fasadnykh teploizolyatsionnykh kompozitsionnykh s naruzhnymi zashchitno-dekorativnymi shtukaturnymi sloyami. (Rekomendatsii). M.: FGBU VNIIPO MChS Rossii, 2014. 55 s.
Meshalkin Ye. A. Obespecheniye pozharnoy bezopasnosti mnogofunktsionalnykh zdaniy//Stroitelnaya bezopasnost, M., RIA «Industriya bezopasnosti». 2006. S. 124-126.
Ventiliruyemyye fasady “VENTI BATTS D”//Krasnaya liniya. 2006. №14. S.31.
Medvedev V.A. Navesnyye fasady: korrozionnaya stoykost obyazatelna//Krasnaya liniya. 2006. №14. S.30.
Novyye vozmozhnosti sistem ventiliruyemykh fasadov serii KTS “Kaptekhnostroy”//Stroyprofil. 2006. № 1(47). S.49-52.
Nemova D.V. Navesnyye ventiliruyemyye fasady: obzor osnovnykh problem//Inzhenerno-stroitelnyy zhurnal. 2010. №5(15). S. 7-11.
Mashenkov A. N., Cheburkanova Ye. V. Naturnyy eksperiment na stende s navesnym fasadom sistemy Ukon//Tekhnologii stroitelstva. 2006. № 7(48). S. 30-31.
Samar A.P., Onokhov Ye.Yu., Kholupova O.V. Issldeovaniye pozharnoy bezopasnosti zdaniy s navesnymi fasadami//Dalniy Vostok: problemy razvitiya arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo kompleksa. 2013. №1. S. 353-362.
Obukhova A.A. Navesnyye ventiliruyemyye fasady: problemy sostoyaniya normativov i voprosy primeneniya nekotorykh materialov//Vestnik magistratury.2015. №6-1(45). S. 63-64.
Samar A.P., Kholupova O.V. Issledovaniye pozharnoy bezopasnosti utepleniy zdaniy//Novyye idei novogo veka: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii FAD TOGU. 2014. Tom 3. S. 379-384.
Vorobyev V.N. Navesnyye fasadnyye sistemy: problemy bezopasnosti//Monografiya. 2011. 69 s.
María José Suáreza, Cristina Sanjuanb, Antonio José Gutiérreza, Jorge Pistonoa, Eduardo Blancoa.Energy evaluation of an horizontal open joint ventilated façade//Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 37.2012. P. 302-313.
Khasanov I.R., Molchadskiy I.S., Goltsov K.N., Pestritskiy A.V. Pozharnaya opasnost navesnykh fasadnykh sistem//FGU VNIIPO MChS Rossii; TsNIISK im. V.A. Kucherenko. 2006. № 5. S. 36-47.
Khasanov I.R. Teplovyye vozdeystviya na naruzhnyye konstruktsiya pri pozhare//Pozharnaya bezopasnost. 2013. S. 16-26.
Yakubov S. Ventiliruyemyye fasady i pozharnaya bezopasnost//Santekhnika, otopleniye, konditsionirovaniye. 2012. № 12 (132). S. 86-87.
Kozioł S., Zbrowski A. The method for increasing the safety of the buildings by application of heat recuperation in the fighting ventilation systems//Bezpieczenstwo i Technika Pozarnicza. 2012. T. 27. S. 39-45.
Meshalkin Ye.A. Pozharnaya bezopasnost navesnykh ventiliruyemykh fasadov//Pozharnaya bezopasnost v stroitelstve. 2011. №3. S. 40-47.
Vatin N.I., Golub I.S., Nechayeva N.Yu. Silikatnyy kirpich v fasadnykh sistemakh s vozdushnym zazorom//StroyPROFIl. 2008. № 5(67). S. 47-49.
Mashenkov A.N. Issledovaniye vozdushnogo rezhima navesnykh ventiliruyemykh fasadov na eksperimentalnom stende U-kon//Luchshiye fasady i krovli. 2009. № 1(21). S. 10-13.
Nizovtsev M.I., Belyib, V.T., Sterlygov A.N. The facade system with ventilated channels for thermal insulation of newly constructed and renovated buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2014. Vol. 75. Pp. 60-69.
Yavorskiy A.A., Kiselev S.A. Analiz nadezhnosti fasadnykh teploizolyatsionno-otdelochnykh sistem s ventiliruyemym vozdushnym zazorom//Privolzhskiy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2012. №4 (24). S. 80-84.
Lapin V.G., Lapin S.V. Raschet konvektivnogo dvizheniya vozdukha v kanale ventiliruyemogo fasada pri nalichii gorizontalnykh shcheley mezhdu plitkami oblitsovki//Privolzhskiy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2012. №2(22). S. 85-92.
Sapegina Ye. A. Energoeffektivnost sistemy navesnogo fasada s vozdushnym ventiliruyemym zazorom: diss.magistra tekhniki i tekhnologii: zashchishchena 17.06.09//GOU SPbGPU, kafedra «Tekhnologiya, organizatsiya i ekonomika stroitelstva».
http://old.rian.ru/incidents/20080211/98900071.html
Yavtushenko Ye.B., Petrochenko M.V. Diffuzornaya konstruktsiya navesnogo ventiliruyemogo fasada//Inzhenerno-stroitelnyy zhurnal. 2013. №8 (43). S. 38-45.
Li J., Chow Y. Heat transfer and air movement behaviour in a double-skin facade. Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies. 2014. Pp. 130-139.
http://www.himpark.ru/s-rasprostranenie-ognya-po-naruzhnym.html
http://www.secuteck.ru/newstext.php?news_id=107057
Federalnyy zakon ot 22.07.2008 №123-FZ "Tekhnicheskiy reglament o trebovaniyakh pozharnoy bezopasnosti"
SP 2.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Obespecheniye ognestoykosti obyektov zashchity».
SNiP 21-01-97* «Pozharnaya bezopasnost zdaniy i sooruzheniy».
GOST 30247 «Konstruktsii stroitelnyye. Metody ispytaniya na ognestoykost».
GOST 30403 «Konstruktsii stroitelnyye. Metod opredeleniya pozharnoy opasnosti».
http://www.himpark.ru/s-rasprostranenie-ognya-po-naruzhnym.html
A.D. Zhukov A.D. Sistemy ventiliruyemykh fasadov//Nauchno-prakticheskiy Internet-zhurnal «Nauka. Stroitelstvo. Obrazovaniye». 2012. № 1.
Zhukova Ye.A., Chugunkov A.V., Rudnitskaya V.A. Sistemy fasadnoy otdelki//Nauchno-prakticheskiy Internet-zhurnal «Nauka. Stroitelstvo. Obrazovaniye». 2011. № 1.
Malyy I.N.,Pakhomova S.A. Ventiliruyemyy fasad zhilykh zdaniy sistemy «Polialpan»//Saratovskiy gosudarstvenyy tekhnicheskiy universitet imeni Gagarina Yu.A. 2012. № 2. S. 168-170.
Akhmyarov T.A., Spiridov A.V., Shubin I.L. Novyye resheniya dlya svetoprozraznykh konstruktsiy//Svetotekhnika. 2015. S. 51-56.
Turchanenko A.K., Smirnov S.I. Osobennosti proyektirovaniya trekhsloynykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy//Stroitelstvo unikalnykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy. 2014. S.108-122.
Sobitova K.S., Ozhishchenko O.A., Savitskiy N.V. Analiz sushchestvuyushchikh sistem teploizolyatsionnoy otdelki//Visnik pridniprovskoї derzhavnoї akademiї budivnitstva ta arkhitekturi. 2013. S.59-64.
Yevtushenko A.I., Churikova A.V. Sovremennyye otdelochnyye materialy, ispolzuyemyye pri vozvedenii vysotnykh zdaniy//Stroitelstvo i arkhitektura-2015. 2015. S.325-327.
Ryazanova G.N., Netishina K.A. Analiz sushchestvuyushchikh sistem ventiliruyemykh fasadov//Traditsii i innovatsii v stroitelstve i arkhitekture. Stroitelstvo. 2016. S.287-289.
Yemelyanova V.A., Nemova D.V., Miftakhova D.R. Optimizirovannaya konstruktsiya navesnogo ventiliruyemogo fasada//Inzhenerno-stroitelnyy zhurnal. 2014. № 6 (50). S. 53-66.
Vetrova G. Ventfasady: tipichnyye oshibki pri ustroystve i proyektirovanii fasadov s mineralovatnymi uteplitelyami//Krovelnyye i izolyatsionnyye materialy. 2015. № 2. S. 24-26.
Gaillard L., Giroux-Julien S., Menezo C., Pabiou H. Experimental evaluation of a naturally ventilated PV double-skin building envelope in real operating conditions. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications. 2012. 5 p.
Feng, X.,Yang, H., Feng, X.Y.,Jin, F.Y.,Xia, G.Q. A review of research development of ventilated doubleskin façade. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014. Pp. 709-713
Víctor Manuel Soto Francésa, Emilio José Sarabia Escrivaa, José Manuel Pinazo Ojera, Emilie Bannierb, Vicente Cantavella Solerb, Gonzalo Silva Morenob. Modeling of ventilated façades for energy building simulation software//Energy and Buildings. 2013.P. 419-428.
http://newsrw.com/proisshestviya/pozhar-v-krasnoyarske-sejchas-21-09-2014-video-1242.html
Dyma bez ognya ne byvayet//Tekhnologii stroitelstva. -2007. -№ 6(54).
Dagnall M., Window A., Leung A., Thompson D. Analytical assessment of thermal performance of a ventilated glazed facade system//Proceedings of Building Simulation: 12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Sydney, 2011, 14-16 November. Pp. 808-815.
Umnyakova N.P. Osobennosti ekspluatatsii konstruktsii ventfasadov v krupnykh megapolisakh//
«Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitelstvo». 2010. № 3. S. 315-323.
Yilmaz T., Gilchrist A. Temperature and velocity field characteristics of turbulent natural convection in a vertical parallel-plate channel with asymmetric heating//Heat Mass Transfer. 2007. Vol. 43. Issue 7. Pp. 707-719.
http://vfasade.blogspot.ru/2013/06/no-fire.html
http://m2teh.ru/text.php?id=13&type=vitr
Carolina Aparicio-Fernándeza, José-Luis Vivancosa, Pablo Ferrer-Gisbertc, Rafael Royo-Pastord.Energy performance of a ventilated façade by simulation with experimental validation//Energy performance of a ventilated façade by simulation with experimental validation.2014.P.563-570.
Kiryudcheva A.Ye.,Shishkina V.V. Energoeffektinyye fasadnyye sistemy//FGAOU VO « Sankt-Peterburgskiy politekhnicheskiy universitet Petra Velikogo». 2015. № 4 (31). S. 248-262.
Strelnikova K.A.,Timokhin D.K. Problema povysheniya energoeffektivnosti ventiliruyemogo fasada zdaniya i sovremennyye tekhnologii//Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2015. № 9. S. 115-119.
Tusnina V.M,Yemelyanov A.A,Granovskiy A.V. Puti povysheniya seysmostoykosti ventiliruyemykh fasadnykh sistem//FGBOU VPO « Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy stroitelnyy universitet»; TsNIISK im. V.A. Kucherenko OAO « NITs «Stroitelstvo». 2014. № 11. S. 63-66.
Yershov M.N., Babiy I.N., Meneylyuk I.A Analiz tekhnologicheskiy osobennostey primeneniya fasadnykh sistem teploizolyatsii//MGSU; Odesskaya gosudarstvennaya akademiya stroitelstva arkhitektury; Kiyevskiy natsionalnyy universitet stroitelstva i arkhitektury.2015. № 4-1 (9). S. 43-47.
http://www.penostroy.ru/photo/7/0/68.html
G. Gan, Simulation of buoyancy-induced flow in open cavities for natural ventilation, Energy and Buildings 38 (2006) 410-420.
R. Fuliotto, F. Cambuli, N. Mandas, N. Bacchin, G. Manara, Q. Chen, Experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer and airflow on an interactive building facade, Energy and Buildings 42 (2010) 23-28
M. Jerman, R. Cerny, Effect of moisture content on heat and moisture transport and storage properties of thermal insulation materials, Energy and Buildings 53 (2012) 39-46.
C. Suareza, P. Joubertb, J.L. Molinaa, F.J. Sanchezca, Heat transfer and mass flow correlations for ventilated facades, Energy and Buildings 43 (2011) 3696-3703
V. Serra, F. Zanghirella, M. Perino, Experimental evaluation of a climate facade: energy efficiency and thermal comfort performance, Energy and Buildings 42 (2010) 50-62.
D. Zirkelbach, Th. Schmidt, H.M. Kunzel, M. Kehrer, Ch. Bludau, WIFI 2D Installation and Introduction, Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics, 2007.
A.S. Gorshkov, D.Yu. Popov.Konstruktivnoye ispolneniye ventiliruyemogo fasada povyshennoy nadezhnosti//Inzhenerno-stroitelnyy zhurnal. -2010. -№8(18). -S. 5-9.
http://wiki-fire.org/Tusheniye-pozharov-v-zdaniyakh-s-navesnymi-ventiliruyemymi-fasadami.ashx
GOST 30244-94 "Materialy stroitelnyye. Metody ispytaniy na goryuchest".
Akhmyarov T.A., Spiridov A.V., Shubin I.L. Printsipy proyektirovaniya i otsenki naruzhnykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy s ispolzovaniyem sovremennykh tekhnologiy «aktivnogo» energosberezheniya i rekuperatsii teplovogo potoka//Zhilishchnoye stroitelstvo. 2014. S. 8-13.
SNiP 23-02-2003 «Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy».
Kozodayeva S.A., Goykalov A.N. Otsenka sovremennykh sposobov proyektirovaniya ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy zhilykh zdaniy//Nauchnyy vestnik voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo universiteta. Seriya: vysokiye tekhnologii. Ekologiya. 2014. S.58-62.
SP 23-101-2000 «Proyektirovaniye teplovoy zashchity zdaniy».
http://www.abok.ru/for_spec/articles.php?nid=459
Belyayev V.S. Energosberezheniye pri vybore svetoprozrachnykh naruzhnykh ograzhdeniy//Zhilishchnoye stroitelstvo. 2014. S.6-11.
Romanenko Ye.Yu. Povysheniye energeticheskoy effektivnosti ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy -put povysheniya effektivnosti ekspluatatsii zdaniy i sooruzheniy//Inzhenernyy vestnik dona. 2013. S.255.
M.I. Nizovtseva, V.T. Belyib, A.N. Sterlygova.The facade system with ventilated channels for thermal insulation of newly constructed and renovated buildings//Energy and buildings.2014.P.60-69.
Lipko V.I., Shirokova O.N., Lapezo A.S. Innovatsionnaya modernizatsiya otopitelno-ventilyatsionnykh ustroystv ezhektornogo tipa dlya maloetazhnykh zdaniy//Arkhitektura, stroitelstvo, transport. 2015. S.337-341.
Afanasyev A.A., Zhunin A.A. Industrialnaya tekhnologiya vozvedeniya energoeffektivnykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy//Tekhnologiya i organizatsiya stroitelnogo proizvodstva. 2014. № 2. S. 28-30.
http://prawdom.ru/dom.php?hm=ivanababushkina77_10
Statsenko Ye.A,Ostrovskaya A.F,Kiselev S.S. Ventiliruyemyye steklyannyye fasady. Parametry vozdushnogo zazora//Stroitelstvo unikalnykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy.2015. № 12 (39). S. 32-42.
Demina L.A. Energosberegayushchiye tekhnologii v gorodskom khozyaystve//Energiya: ekonomika, tekhnika, ekologiya. 2011. №4. S. 19-24.
D. V. Nemova, D. S. Tarasova, A.A. Staritsyna,A.V. Nefedorova Results of educational building's inspection//Stroitelstvo unikalnykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy. 8 (13). 2013. 1-11.
Bai, G., Gong, G. Research on passive solar ventilation and building self-sunshading. International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring. 2011. Pp. 950-953.
Golovanova L.A., Blyum Ye.D. Energoeffektivnyye stroitelnyye konstruktsii tekhnologii//Uchenyye zametki TOGU. 2014. S.71-77.
http://sivator.com/101-pozhar-v-vysotke-groznyy-siti-v-g-groznom.html
Tusnina O.A.,Yemelyanov A.A.,Tusnina V.M.Teplotekhncheskiye svoystva razlichnykh konstruktivnykh sistem navesnykh ventiliruyemykh fasadov.2013.№ 8 (43). S. 54-63.
Tusnina O.A., Yemelyanov A.A., Tusnina V.M. Teplotekhnicheskiye svoystva razlichnykh konstruktivnykh sistem navesnykh ventiliruyemykh fasadov//Inzhenerno-stroitelnyy zhurnal. 2013. №8(43). S. 54-63.
Yang H., Feng X., Xia G., Wan Q. Experimental study on impact of ventilated double-skin facade on the indoor thermal environment in winter. International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. 2013. Pp. 721-724.
Jiru, T.E., Tao, Y.X., Haghighat, F. Airflow and heat transfer in sustainable building components-doubleskin facades. 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. 2010. Pp. 93-100.
Syed, F., Willoughby, T. Analyzing double skin Facade for global climate regions. World Energy Engineering Congress. 2011. Pp. 1538-1540.
Haase, M., Amato, A. Simplified convective heat transfer in vertical airflow regimes with shading device. 6th International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids. 2010. Pp. 665-670.
http://danil-dali.narod.ru/pressa.html
Raschetnoye opredeleniye osnovnykh parametrov protivodymnoy ventilyatsii zdaniy: metodicheskiye rekomendatsii. -M.: FGU VNIIPO MChS RF, 2013.
Raschet parametrov sistem protivodymnoy zashchity zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy: rekomendatsii ABOK 5.5.1-2012. -M.: NP ABOK, 2012.
Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Lushin K.I., Pastushkov P.P. K voprosu o primenenii vetrogidrozashchitnykh membran v navesnykh fasadnykh sistemakh s ventiliruyemoy vozdushnoy prosloykoy//Nauchnotekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzhya. 2013. № 3. S. 120-122.
SP 1.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Evakuatsionnyye puti i vykhody».
SP 3.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Sistema opoveshcheniya i upravleniya evakuatsiyey lyudey pri pozharakh. Trebovaniya pozharnoy bezopasnosti».
SP 4.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Ogranicheniye rasprostraneniya pozhara na obyekty zashchity. Trebovaniya k obyemno-planirovochnym i konstruktivnym resheniyam».
SP 5.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Ustanovki pozharnoy signalizatsii i pozharotusheniya avtomaticheskiye. Normy i pravila proyektirovaniya».
SP 6.13130.2009 «Sistemy protivopozharnoy zashchity. Elektrooborudovaniye. Trebovaniya pozharnoy bezopasnosti».
SP 7.13130.2009 «Otopleniye, ventilyatsiya i konditsionirovaniye. Protivopozharnyye trebovaniya».

Еще

Статья обзорная