Methodology and technology of social and pedagogical activity

The idea of technological development (more precisely, mechanization of the pedagogical case) belongs to AS Makarenko. In the foreign ped. science is the concept of ped. technology appears in the 50-60's. In the national scientific and pedagogical literature this term appears in the 70s. To the first publications on ped. technologies include works by V.P. Bespalko.

The expression «soc. Technology» appeared in the 70-80-ies in connection with the need to develop social problems in society. Socio-educational technology - a set of techniques and methods used by social. services, soc. teachers to ensure the effectiveness of the process of socialization of the younger generation, and, secondly, the method of implementing social, ped. activities specific to soc. pedagogue on the basis of its rational division into procedures and operations in order to select the best means and methods for their implementation.

Let's consider the basic concepts necessary for a correct understanding of the process of the technological social. ped. activities.

Method - (from methodos - the path of research, theory, teaching) the way to achieve any goal, the totality of techniques and operations of cognition of reality

(for example, methods of education, methods of teaching, methods of pedagogical rehabilitation, correction, etc.).1

Method in social. pedagogy is a way of solving a specific problem of a person, a group. Feature of social. pedagogy is aimed at turning a person into solving their own problem.

Method - a set of methods that provide a solution to a specific problem (for example, the methodology of teaching letters, the technique of forming a habit). The methodology consists of the following elements:

• -    the formulated problem;

• -    set of methods;

• -    the order of their application.

Means are what lead to the achievement of the chosen goal. Means are the tool of the method. Through them, the method is implemented.

Reception - the specification of the method, its «binding» to the real ped. of the situation. In soc. pedagogy is a way of using any means in the process of social. - ped. activities

Technique - (art, skill, skill) - a cumulative characteristic of skills and techniques used in any activity.

Socio-pedagogical technology is an optimally selected set of social and pedagogical means: methods, methods, means and algorithm (strict sequence) of their application - to solve a clearly formulated social and pedagogical problem with a guaranteed high result, for which there is a measurement tool (quantitative and qualitative criteria of effectiveness and special methods).

Unlike the technique, the technology does not allow distortions and changes and can be carried almost completely. Its use is significantly less influenced by subjective factors, for example, the personal qualities of a specialist). The introduction of significant changes in technology will lead to a failure to obtain a guaranteed result.

Technological social. ped. the activity has a certain specificity:

• 1.    conceptuality - i.e. reliance on a certain concept;

• 2.    systematic - i.e. possession of all the characteristics of the system: the logic of the process, the interrelation of all its parts, integrity;

• 3.    profitability - i.e. its application makes it possible to optimize the work of the social. teacher by creating a reserve of working time;

• 4.    Relative (partial) algorithmization. The main object of activity is a person, therefore the process of activity can not be completely broken down into a series of operations and algorithms (because the person's response is unpredictable);

• 5.    Correctibility of activities - i.e. the possibility of constant feedback;

• 6.    Reproducibility (it can be implemented by social educators working in various institutions and organizations).

Classification of social. ped. of technologies

The most significant reasons for the classification of social. ped. technologies include:

• -    type of social. ped. technologies (they can be general, private and special);

• -    appointment (this can be pedal correction, ped rehabilitation, re-education, vocational guidance work);

• -    subject of application - social. the teacher (the level of his professionalism, individual qualities, etc.);

• -    the object of destination (student, family, etc.);

• -    place of application (educational institution, specialized center, place of residence, etc.);

• -    Implementation variant (methods used in technology, method of achieving the goal, for example, training).