Analysis of functional abilities in athletes using continuous ECG registration under various loads

Aim. The article deals with the diagnostics of functional state using continuous ECG registration performed with the help of equipment developed at South Ural State University. The computer appliance allows registering ECG in several leads without any special electrodes and with the precision sufficient for both express and profound analysis of functional state. This method is of special importance for athletes and people engaged in demanding tasks and can be used as an integral element for the diagnostics of patients requiring continuous control. Materials and methods. We proposed to use approaches adopted in the theory of automatic control (cybernetics). We described the cardiovascular system as a dynamic, non-linear and non-stationary system, which can be analyzed with the help of dynamical processes and under real load using synchronously registered multidimensional trajectories. We use ECG, speed ECG, heart rate data, and the speed of ventricular activation calculated in 2 different ways. We conducted experiments with athletes at the premises of the Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service. These experiments proved efficiency of the methods proposed. Results. As a result of experiments, we proved that the computer appliance provides continuous ECG registration of sufficient quality and transmits the data to high-precision analysis tools. The diagrams of ECG, speed ECG, HR and SVA, constructed in real-time mode, provide the data sufficient for diagnostics, including the diagnostics of athletes under huge physical load. This method is essential for the control of functional state in athletes and people engaged in demanding tasks, as well as for the diagnostics of patients from various risk groups. Conclusion. The data proposed about the improvement and control of functional state possess theoretical and practical value for the study of the cardiovascular system and development of techniques for health preservation under stress and physical loads. The experiments conducted in the Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service proved our main statements. The study possesses promising potential in its practical application and further development.