Microeconomic aspects of sustainable development – importance for market economy

2.    Contemporary market economy model

The microeconomics studies different behaviors of individual economic entities depending on market conditions, in all market economy countries (Šagi & Šuvakov, 2004;

• 1.    economy which is knowledge oriented,

• 2.    development that is sustainable,

• 3.    an organization that is sustainable,

• 4.    networking,

• 5.    social involvement and

• 6.    management which is of a temporary character.

3.    The concept of the knowledge economy

A knowledge-based approach is a key factor of the model of the market economy. The human capital and the innovation are the essence of this type of the economy, and they provide further the long term development (Welfe, 2009). Modern changes in the economic field, like forceful information flow, usage of information and communication tech, as well as the increased position of the overall knowledge, have lead to a concept called as stated above (Trzcielinski, 2015; Yeo & Lee, 2020). In modern economics this term is considered a trend. According to author Toffler, in the contemporary economy system, a key role is played by those terms: information and knowledge. These above mentioned innovations in economics are the consequences of the technological revolution that has imposed the interdependence of economics and science (Toffler 1997; Dworak, 2012).

• 1.    Strategic indicators (customers, value offers, abilities, revenue, competition, offers, strategies, brands, stabilization, mission-vision);

• 2.    Creation of the value (resources, assets, activities);

• 3.    Value acquisitions (costs, profit, finance);

• 4.    Network of value (customer relationships, suppliers, customer information, product and flows of the service).

As Kucznik (2019) pointed out, the knowledge-based economy consists of four pillars:

• 1.    Environment: institutional and juridical – system of economic incentives through the financing of entrepreneurship and the removal of market barriers, primarily legal ones, than administrative and finally economic.

• 2.    Systems of innovations: data per million inhabitants included the number of the employees in the Research and Development sector, number of scientific publications, number of technical solutions, number of technical patents.

• 3.    Education, training, lifelong learning.

• 4.    Per 100.000 inhabitants information infrastructure.

4.    A review of the sustainable development

The concept of the economy based on knowledge can be more easily understood by pointing out the difference between industrial economy and knowledge economy, which are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Differences between industrial economy and knowledge economy.

Industrial economics	Distinguishing criteria	Knowledge economy
Fast	The changes	Even faster
Long	Product life	Short
Large industrial companies	Key driver of the economy	Innovative companies
Local	Competition	Global
Stability	Emphasise on	Change Management
Cheap raw materials and labor	Competition advantage	Quality, Innovation
Financial capital vertically	Rare resources	Human Resources
Vertically	Making decissions	Distributed
Periodic, linear	Process innovation	Continious, systematic
Internal processes	Focus	Entire value chain
Pyramidal, bureaucrtic	Organizational structure	Network
Vertically	Leadership	Empowering employees
Diploma	Education requirements	Continious learning
Confrotation, preassure	Relationship managers and employees	Cooperation, teamwork
Cost	Employees are viewed as	investment

Source: Drašković, 2010, pp. 84–85.

The creation of the idea itself was preceded by two basic elements of the idea of sustainable development: the term of the development and the term of the sustainability. As the author Sharplei said (2000), these two terms could be contradictory, because the both concepts having possible counterproductive effects, although some other economists said that there is no contradiction between these two terms (Lele, 1991). Various interpretations are given to the understanding of these two terms (Klarin, 2018). The four dimensions of sustainable development are shown in Figure 1. according to Spangenberg et al., 2002.

Figure 1 . The four dimensions of sustainable development.

5.    Temporarily management – a new model of enterprise development

Although this term is more recent, there are a number of definitions and different versions. In order to audit some or all areas of business, the management is given to the elected manager for a certain period of time, in order to achieve the set of goals of the company (Dźwigoł, 2021). This definition is confirmed by some of the factors (Ritka, 2011):

• 1)    removing barriers as well as market globalization are just some of the results of increasing competitive pressure;

• 2)    the widespread use of data from the Internet has enabled consumers to have great influence and importance;

• 3)    loss of economic security as a consequence of all possible risks (operational, financial, political and so on), causes increasing uncertainty in the business world;

• 4)    in economic processes, the trend for innovation and flexibility has increased;

• 5)    the growth of dynamic change, in the business environment.

Special achievements and characteristics should adorn the head of the company who is appointed temporarily to resolve issues and achieve the goals of the company (Vendt, 2011):

• 1)    experience that enables already known methods of organization;

• 2)    success in the profession;

• 3)    reducing the risk of the different types of behavior as a result of a life situation which is stable;

• 4)    when the expertise of the existing manager is not sufficient, the tentative manager is required to be prepared for various challenges;

• 5)    readiness of the temporary manager for new tasks and goals, which should contribute to more efficient and effective implementation of the same tasks and goals;

• 6)    satisfaction in achieving goals and achieving effects is the main driving force for a manager, not the fact that he gains power in that position.

6. Conclusion

Brkić J. Ivana

Fakultet za ekonomiju i inženjerski menadžment u Novom Sadu, Univerzitet Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu, Srbija

Tomaš-Simin Mirela

Poljoprivredni fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija

MIKROEKONOMSKI ASPEKTI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA – ZNAČAJZA TRŽIŠNU EKONOMIJU

REZIME: Predmet rada predstavlja veza između pojedinih mikroekonomskih aspekata od značaja za funkcionisanje modernih organizacija u kontekstu održivog razvoja. Moderna preduzeća se moraju otvoriti za nova rešenja, naučiti sagledavati probleme iz različitih perspektiva, postati fleksibilnija i osetljivija na tržišne signale i biti voljna implementirati promene u procesu upravljanja. To je povezano sa činjenicom da se sada, u situaciji velike neizvesnosti, preduzeća više nego ikad suočavaju sa sve složenijim ciljevima, evolucijom organizacije rada ka njenoj autonomiji i stvaranjem fleksibilnih oblika rada i stavljanjem naglaska na poboljšanje veština zaposlenih kao i novih modela takozvanih karijera bez granica. Istraživanja su pokazala da je prilikom projektovanja savremenog modela tržišne ekonomije u neizvesnim vremenima potrebno uzeti u obzir aspekte kao što su održivi razvoj, izgradnja preduzeća na osnovu znanja i kompetencija, omogućavajući zaposlenima da zajedno stvaraju preduzeća, koristeći privremeno upravljanje i mrežnu saradnju. U procesu razvoja savremene organizacije treba uzeti u obzir određene faktore u procesu njenog funkcionisanja, odnosno unutrašnje i spoljne uslove, predispozicije zaposlenih, odnosno sve ono što čini preduzetničku aktivnost. Cilj rada jeste da se prikažu izabrani mikroekonomski aspekti od značaja za funkcionisanje i poboljšanje rada organizacija u turbulentnim tržišnim okolnostima. Rad je namenjen svima onima koji posluju u savremenom poslovnom ambijentu bez obzira na oblik organizacije i vrstu delatnosti.

Ključne reči : mikroekonomski aspekti, održivi razvoj, preduzeće, tržišna ekonomija.