Genitourinary system and COVID-19: some aspects

Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a test for the global healthcare system. Significant forces have been invested in the treatment of COVID-19, while the interaction of the virus with various organs and systems of the human body has been studied very poorly. Materials and methods. When writing the review, we used data from scientific papers published in PubMed databases and websites of professional medical associations. 39 publications were selected directly for citation in the review. When writing the review, we used data from scientific papers published in PubMed databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) and the websites of professional medical associations. Databases were searched using the keywords «coronavirus disease», «COVID-19», «urogenital system», «renal failure», «kidney cancer», «bladder cancer», «prostate cancer». After that, based on the relevance of the data, the reliability of the sources, impact factors of the journals and the sequence of presentation of the material in the manuscript, 39publications were selected directly for citation in the review. Results. SARS-CоV-2 is a new virus, it is highly contagious, the main transmission routes are contact and airborne. The incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 is from 2 to 14 days. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the kidneys and urinary tract. There is evidence that the urinary system is at high risk for coronavirus invasion with the development of acute renal failure (ARF), which may also be the result of a «cytokine storm». ARF with COVID-19 occurs in 5-15% of cases and is associated with high mortality. Treatment regimens for patients after a kidney transplant can be either with partial cancellation of immunosuppressive therapy, or without modification of the standard regimen. Patients undergoing hemodialysis with COVID-19, the dosage and regimen of drugs should be carefully selected. Oncological aspects and COVID-19. In a pandemic, standard and well-established cancer protocols require correction, while patient survival remains the number one priority. COVID-19 and prostate cancer. Published date demonstrates atypically low incidence among patients with prostate cancer who undergo androgen deprivation. Bladder, urine, ejaculate. The virus is found in urine and ejaculate, which can be both diagnostic for the detection of COVID-19, and prognostic for assessing the risks of early and late urogenital complications. Conclusion. In this review, we tried to summarize the currently available data on the effects of SARS-V-2 on the urogenital system, the features of the urological manifestations of COVID-19, as well as the tactical issues of managing oncourological patients.