Public investment efficiency assessment models

This article analyzes modern theoretical and applied models used to determine public investment performance. Given the need for rational allocation of budget funds and sustainable economic growth, the search for objective tools for measuring the return on invested resources is becoming increasingly important. The authors examine classical and modern approaches, ranging from the cost-benefit concept to complex dynamic general equilibrium models. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of public projects, where, in addition to direct financial returns, social and macroeconomic externalities play a significant role. A comparative analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and international standards, in particular the PIMA methodology, is provided. The study covers the specifics of project assessment in transport infrastructure, the innovation sector, and higher education. This paper examines econometric methods for analyzing the impact of regional incentives on welfare indicators. The paper systematizes the main problems encountered in monitoring budget expenditures and proposes ways to improve assessment procedures. It concludes that it is necessary to integrate quantitative and qualitative indicators to form a comprehensive picture of effectiveness. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of modern methods and the identification of their applicability to various sectors of the real economy in modern Russia.