Solidarity models in urban and rural communities

Introduction: an effective policy of local development is based on trust, responsibility and social solidarity, ensuring the consolidation of territorial communities around development priorities based on a non-conflicting alignment of interests. Objectives: explanation of solidarity models in urban and rural communities as non-material resources of territorial cohesion and local development policy. Methods: the research is based on a qualitative strategy for data collection and analysis using typological methods, spatial, socio-cultural, comparative approaches, which help identify the resource potential of solidarity in political and managerial practice. Results: in accordance with the logic of exogenous, (neo)endogenous concepts of local development policy, models for constructing solidarity in rural settlements are proposed. Exogenous solidarity is initiated by local authorities, the ascending model is based on the practices of territorial communities’ self-organization. In hybrid models, the exogenous management initiative of local authorities leads to the endogenous participation of the rural community in local development projects. Urban solidarity models have been identified, considering the specifics of the subjects of consolidating initiatives and the resources of urbanized communities. The principles and strategies of solidarity mobilization are described, which are not based on compulsion or material incentives, and are used in hybrid models. The general and distinctive characteristics of the theoretical constructs of solidarity in urban and rural studies are revealed. Conclusions: it is shown that in modern research and political practice there is a transition from a descending to an ascending or hybrid model of constructing solidarity in urban and rural spaces, which indicates the activation of the subjective position of communities in the processes of territorial development.