Molecular-genetic analysis of national varieties of Solanum tuberosum L

Traits of 12 varieties of Russian origin Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae), were observed. Yield of researched varieties is high and ranges from 25 to 40 t./ha.; mean concentrations of starch in tubers is 16%, average mass of tubers is more than 10 g. Among the researched varieties 6 varieties of S. tuberosum are a mid-season high-yield, other 6 varieties are early-ripe. ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) method of polymorphism analysis with using PCR was applied to identify the genetic diversity of varieties. From 20 were selected 4 the most effective ISSR praimers for researched varieties of S. tuberosum, among it there are two dinucleotide and two trinucleotide primers. 40 ISSR-PCR markers of researched varieties were identified. The number of amplified ISSR-PCR markers of S. tuberosum varied depending to primer from 8 (ISSR-5) to 12 (M-3), their size were from 210 (ISSR-5) to 1100 (M-3) bp. For the total sample of S. tuberosum, the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0,575, the expected heterozygosity was 0.071, the number of effective alleles (ne=1.324) was determined. The highest rate of genetic diversity were noted in Charodei S. tuberosum (P95=0.303; HE=0.105; ne=1.189). Genetically less heterogeneous Otrada (P95 = 0.161; HE=0.047; ne=1.079). 9 rare ISSR-PCR markers in researched varieties were identified, the largest number of them has Charodei (R=6). Recommendations on the use of the genetic capability in researched varieties of S. tuberosum were made.