Effects of different levels of protected L-carnitine on milk production, metabolism, and reproductive parameters of high-performance dairy cows

Amino acid and vitamin provision is known to be crucially vital in the nutrition of highly productive dairy cattle. Currently, important role of carnitine in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism has been established, including the transport of long-chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane, excretion of potentially toxic metabolites from cells, regulation of gluconeogenesis, and synthesis of growth hormone. However, there are no recommendations on dietary L-carnitine dosage for newly calved cows with different milk yields. Moreover, data on the effect of dietary carnitine are often contradictory. In this paper, we for the first time compare effective postpartum doses of Carnipass™ and determine optimal amount of protected of L-carnitine (45 mg per 1 kg of produced milk). The aim of our research was to study the effect of different doses of dietary L-carnitine in a protected form on milk productivity, quality, intensity and peculiarities of physiological and biochemical processes in cows during early post calving period...