Motifs of departure in the N.A. Klyuev's poetry

The article is devoted to the study of the motif structure of N.A. Klyuev’s poetry. The goal of the present study is to analyze the theme of leaving, which is realized through the motifs of sailing and flying away. I.V. Silantyev’s and B.M. Gasparov’s works form the methodological basis of the study. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern literary criticism to the phenomenon of new peasant literature and an insufficient study of the parameters of the artistic world of N. Klyuev. The poet interprets the motif of leaving as a path to merging with the ideal and as a rejection of unrighteous reality. The semantics of the image-concept “another world” originates in folklore and mythological concepts, and Christian axiology. The motif of sailing in N. Klyuev’s poetry is accompanied by images of a canoe, boat, ship, sea, swimmer, helmsman, “coveted shores” of “coveted land”. The polysemantic motif of flying away is revealed both as a path to heaven and as a dream of a harmonious world order. The polysemantism of the departure motif is embodied in the poem “You are my days, white doves” (between 1914-1916): a feeling of a fast-flowing, fleeting life and a premonition of a possible disappearance, departure of the Russian garden of spiritual and natural life. The year 1917 for Klyuev was a revolutionary Transfiguration, a trip to the hoped-for land. However, soon the poet realizes the conflict between peasant Russia and the revolution. This leads to a change in the semantics of the motifs of departure, which will become part of Klyuev’s tragic epic of the 1920s on Russia, ceasing into the past. In the poem “Pogorelshchina” the motif of the departure to “an uncreated Russia” becomes plot-forming. The death of the village of Sigovets is a symbol of the death of Russia. In the poem “The Kremlin” (1934), written in exile, two central themes stand out - the glorification of the Kremlin as the embodiment of the will of history and the departure of the lyrical hero from hut Rus. The motif of sailing to a new shore is for the first time interpreted not as a path to the future, but as a path to the present. The motif for leaving is the departure of the soul of Klyuev’s lyrical hero to the heavenly world. ends in the last, prophetic poem “There are Two Countries: One is a Hospital”.