Is It Possible to Study Consciousness on a Laboratory Table to Understand Its Nature and Solve the Riddles Associated with It?

The 21st century has witnessed a remarkable advancement in neurophysiology, driven by the advent of sophisticated technologies for probing the workings of the higher nervous system. This progress has fueled the conviction among many, including scientists themselves, that neurophysiology possesses the potential to provide a definitive answer to the fundamental questions surrounding consciousness and its inherent nature. A growing perspective suggests that the scientific study of consciousness is largely confined to neuroscientific in-quiry; that the examination of the brain is, in itself, sufficient to ultimately elucidate the very essence of conscious-ness. This article posits that such a perspective is unduly narrow. The authors do not minimize the role of neuro-physiology on the issue of consciousness, but show the limitations of this discipline. Using the example of both domestic and international neurophysiological research, we will delineate the current state of knowledge regarding consciousness, while highlighting the areas that remain to be elucidated. The lack of an exhaustive explanation of this phenomenon leads to the need for philosophical reflection and the identification of the importance of social factors that determine the emergence and formation of human consciousness.