Multilevel evaluation of quality interactive electronic technical manuals for aviation technology
Автор: Frolova E.A.
Журнал: Сибирский аэрокосмический журнал @vestnik-sibsau
Рубрика: Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление
Статья в выпуске: 4 т.19, 2018 года.
Бесплатный доступ
The method of multi-level quality assessment of interactive electronic technical manuals (IETM) for aircraft con- tains the main approaches, methodological and logical-mathematical tools for the implementation of multiparameter evaluation of the quality of electronic content of these manuals. The paper postulated that the goal of assessing the quality of IETM for aviation equipment is to obtain a consolidated conclusion on the degree of satisfaction of the need to create interactive electronic technical manuals in the conditions of vagueness of the initial expert data used for evaluation. It is shown that the quality assessment of interactive electronic technical manuals for the operation and repair of aviation equipment is obviously linked to non-numeric or “soft” measurements, due to the fuzzy nature of the initial qualimetric data obtained from an expert. In this version, “measurement” should be understood as a manipulation in which some strictly ordered quality gradations correlate in accordance with the IETM for the operation and repair of aviation equipment properties. In the role of quantitative measurement results, not only real numbers are considered, but also other algebraic groups that necessarily have an order relation between their elements, that is, a similarity of the inequality relation between numbers. The multi-level quality assessment of interactive electronic technical manuals for aeronautical engineering consists of the following steps: 1. Imagery of numerical vectors of values of elementary quality indicators; 2. Calculation of ranks that determine the significance of quality indicators in their compositions based on fuzzy and (or) insufficient initial data on the compositional significance of more particular indicators in the composition of more aggregated indi- cators: 3. Calculation of elementary indicators values and ratings of importance based on numerical vectors, for the analyzed performance of IETM on the operation and repair of aircraft, the values of the integral quality indicator, as the weighted arithmetic average of mathematical similar to a particular indicators.
Interactive electronic technical manuals, aviation technology, multi-level assessment, quality parameters
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/148321874
IDR: 148321874 | DOI: 10.31772/2587-6066-2018-19-4-605-612
Текст научной статьи Multilevel evaluation of quality interactive electronic technical manuals for aviation technology
Introduction. TVn aim of asoecгing the: quality of IETM for aircraft is to obUon a conso)idaien opinion on the hchteved dfgaso oO satisfaction of tfo needs foe the reeation of Ontoractivc rlentrontc tecOmcal manuaP, in She conditnong hf the fuovingss of the in it till “xphrt VxSa used foo evatuation. The assessment hf tth fuality oI the IETM no oporation and i*epa^a oV avtoOien esoiipmavt is the de-ifomtohitoo of then-compliance wOf the revaieomrnis of a preXrtramtnrX nctwoid ofinOicgiorf of tent quality.
Mathematical basis for setting quality indicators h»ir multi-level assessment.
Assessmoni sf the qtrahty of totfoecteve ntcotronic technical monunis ItEOM) fie opera-itoo and rpcag' eV avtotien pautomatlk
Is
Vto aetohmiohtion ok tfreh namplidcef fshV the renuTrmontg of a freVeter-mtoeX nil wo id of mOicfiocs of this qualito er]. If the indicolor io a comporn ne^iigg of otapn, simpier indicators (aggeegoled тЮ^ог^ then thr on-ttSon aid of anoSysis hog ehlreallor of quahly deoporps inta a multi-ttep se-nvocga n h qaotimrfrhc levaluaitoo. Thr eggregoteO icdica-tooo So thiio aualimstiCc evaluotion will os PornpooOhionally koomre from more s)mptd mOioators, teoiilOma Sn ohe for-metiod af hihrarchioal nolwcsO of indicatacs. In such a htraeachtcal nttwork at Sfie termtohi loeri, an at rvls, Vie re hor tndCcntocs hhaC can or dirsrhly mcgalтed or expertly rgeiuetrXl quantihativniy от cuatttgttvelu. Such innScators ok Sho Sfamtdei leerl oO kVf Vterarchical neoasof ch indica-tooo ok aoeoosmori of quhlfty oh enTM on on>oeation and гераи ef ahccrafl are cal mt ehementorte Theis set is de-ooteX i?y
qq,
}. /Ait huIhfelcoglsof khe hlndlrcertalnclwork ok quality assessmoni of IETM on oonoXion hng repair of egtetion fqetomonk composXroiially eomplex, called aggregated, icdioators {
qy
} are: hiilOa Isleed, aggregating weige^cm PontfooStion dC in
Ap h>itri of tOiг-. ЫсгсгсЫсп! network. lOs compooOhional от aggrehate tmoocOcgc oh thy huolity Ondicator q, foo' thr hooroomroi oS kVs ir^egisl InCioator Q0 will bc VlПcrcnt. Accoodinglh< fam tm numeoieal Oiomg of composite oaaggreeats tdCinatoo oiSm imporSance q. So Shrconvotu-itoo of Ose neoresh avgrefated indisnIer accOTdma So the otoucUne of the eierarchical netwosk so hsdioaSors, thr weigOt coeffrcient wm, „ os ontercd - thio iohol sank okShr m-th mdccotorsn the n-th cone'oUition, wm, „ e ^3,1); wm ,„ e R .In attOoisDn, eht eech aggrghated drdO:aSar the noImeitzstion condition musteesaticfled:
Z W m i n = 1 m
TlLCCordaogVr, tm. ncmeriaoS
Q о
Ьт=П Wm i n i qm иОюгe bm* e S0,11s bm* e R.
Tilt oeccCht
Assessmoni oik the tlu.ainl;o o- OfEPO hn operation and repair oC aircran. is oe^ociateg '.toeo o(num.rItciic oo “soft” mreouremrnto. “MaaafarmsniГ ohould Oe andeecihod as a mentputaEnn Oe which Йю d'roe>(гriuгf of thi ПР-М on op-raetion and ^cori с оГ circtafl oqutpmeni aee oorrelated in ea^odOancs hom some rtrictly OTdoeeg t^raOotiотts hf qual-ttq. WOh oep appreacgl not otiIu sosI numbeoo are consid-ereX io time role of cuantitgfi^kti moorlv•omrnt resultt, but also other atgebaaic >eroupS) ncc'cisar'Cy havmo ae order relation between their eiemon-s, a tiumbor of specialized scales of sasareremene and evatuaeirn of the: quality properties.
Ohjectively nrehetermtned vse of rott, аоп-гштспс measurements in asessrnag Tie ad>ae Io of ITTM ore operation and repaia of aircraft saecinies the fact that pnraaldnr and aggregated indicatofs fomm a single hierarchteal network of quaitty as:se:s^ment tnaicotors ean Г>е assessor or measured on scales inominal, ordinal, ratios;, diffrsensfsS, accordingly, the vumrrical "values at thsse mcfausrmenfs andestimateswill fe soi on ntCSerenr hlgcbraiovofups.
Accordint to [C-rl, it wis estaЫirnsd that for the categorical Seatuses peculcas to the IETM oo opiration and meteienancr di t^voation ioehnulovd nun-ity assessment the rational form od convolution si tea cntegral evaluation criterion would t>e the additive lineat criterion of thenomralizedOohn:
n
Q Z wq r i = 1
The above-shovnt nop-icatiom of hi:iontdeom-fs sastes of soft mfarerrme-lir or evaluation of cSгrhлtUley ind-ca-tors leads to taen a naiuro nf ihc dnhe tSisi io mpoit ts the method, that Tris edadacSrf is aeilco,tarf os ii'safSiciency or dericiencu iff Tse input inoormation [9[. Thin аПсМа the algorithm for" ca-eulating the occur ranks { w, }, wllSeSt p)ley the r-ole of accounting oot thh oiiSCeoent vaifcr of Tic: at put data in the deveooped metiiod ns sffaorInei eae quaiity of IETM on operation reo repair oc ci ter сП. Bast) on the foregoing, thr mathrmaticat itcpavltar of randamized aggregated indicatora [lO-H] was attonien for the mathematical basss at )ehdcvolopcOqaalimct-ic mothod.
Aggregated stO integral tndicatoor ot aatU Oo f f IETM on ooeration and repair ot аасгаП arc calcuiatth oarough the oomcaiiard addttivo convoiution al the: elementary indicators inchided in the ooIтеtoondinp n4twksk t d tiadi-cators [15]. Basrno ot Trit;, a s bostoblr to evaluate k alternatine options for the implementatien or orocecis of IETM oo operation sod repair of aircraft Im St assumed that thiis seif of eotimotoe for clementccy rndicators are reoresented Up nhПiaricat veotoss q(j) = ( qj..., qmj ), i = 1,..., m , j = ty.., k . Ecef such nhmaricfl vector Is a mvltioarametric assessmeni of ths: ooiтеtoondoan aiiddaa-tine imolementation nf ITTM oo idtctetids and renair of aircraft in tier Ooma nS a family of vaiuro el memcrUny indicators q = ( q 1,..., qm X Vurther, it ts assumth theS on the ohmmшrity of nd evaiuated reaoizatinni if IETM, Ovantitatidelu hfscribsd by Tit sicicaSad hemcrifsS vectors of cvaiaal>onl Uiyl t:e:menUтo indtoo-ot), IIso oeteSSon of strict dominensr -sr;tvdn:
( q ( r ) > q ( 5 ) ) ^ ( ( V i q fA > c^fs ) a ( 3 / ( q <r > > < q js ’) ) . (1)
The exoression hfscribinr nandinion sto ldobeS be considered ss Oelt4ws: HI M q(r) ss ariseoior ITTM q(5) in the odfsthrssf rndicator eeк:r it os eot Isos creSsrable by each ommoKsical oT the etemdnlaty rnhxx (q,(r) > q/5)) and there st nn ehmonlery or more proticular rr;lsral:tatod indicator oar wvli^clt ths firfl IETM ls f>rd:ftooblei to thd second ((qj(r) > q,(5))). Thd osslddno th :Пп aedS^fif IETM on ooeration and sdpan" ot an-raraft ш S bd a tiriat OTgrring in acoosdeasr wStii (T). Accordingly, oagehisr iteth tSse strict osdrring rclatidnshtk ar: r>rclfdselrc, tt is ncressary to introdvcea noia-shlk:ioshi:rrlгlatidn:
(
q<
r
) >
q^
s
)
^
(
(
q
In this cssc, St ia pfssihto to ttctolmtoe tlrs rolodon of strictordcrthroughthe selatidnoeolontrisi^t asder:
( q* r ) > q<5 )) О ((< /< r ) >< /< 5 )) a (< /< r) * q s ) ) . (3)
When carruing oat the ilкterdlg of ITiM on ctiortition and reoair
V q < j ), q )° e { q : q = ( q 1 , ■■■ , q m ), q , e [0 ,1[ } ^
{ q < j )> q ) l ’} ^ { Q ( q j ) > Q ( q l1^ )}.
In taon, Tse mosd 4Sii:crful aggregated indicator" ss nn integral indicator ot Q .
Synthesis and ranking of a multilevel tree of assessment indicators. In the: most. Sdeeral Ooho this nunc-tion of sedrhsesfi or edovt)ll>Uof oS ridtrrutidn rndicators in Tse ar:it:rr:gstsO sneo Гн ПiOTS on Che otneisation and reoalcoraaiatюnovuihmi:nttгlkes Sselmm
Q ф ( q ; w ) = Q ф ( q 1 ,.., q m ; W 1 ,..., w m ) = Ф -1 fj^ w Ф ( q , ) | .
V , =1 )
Condvctinд tTie vll-rltVrlioiI of rise-clenl I oотnosfsssd daives a , qf) , , = 1,..., m in the oonoolution formula al-iowssunthesizing ths OoliwlenIt xoosfsl;ion
Q x (a 1 q 1) ,■■■, a m q m o); w ) = mm
= I П а ,w H П q w |=A Q x ( q (1°V ,q m o); w ). X6)
V , = 1 ) V , = 1 7
Defining and markmg the sc-cahed “difference scale shift”, fetting the beninning of reference as qi = 0 and ihe end,as qi = ,, as mhchearlerthaIl chooelngthefoefficfent of sttetchmg S compfassюn of the ratio scale. This nr ehe main reason for hCooi^oeg tee additihe narmaZtzed neh)ihc-sizing function in ehr plafosett medhfd im estimating IETM nn the o-eera0od an- rcoafe of aircraft. In the mathematical apparatus сП tes method of -] LiaOsy' assessment of ITTM on operation and eepric oi аviotion equipment, it is r>recifean tiio additive nomuaizzed convolutions Q +( q ; w ) ad elementm, lnC-cotonr -har arc used -a nalcu-late ttie eggreuataO and mtegral aetimаias <сП th^:fc elsc-tronicmonuals.
An eaampte oe tin stasthesis cO a multi-levd tree of indicators for ttie assessment of IETM on oprraiion and repair of aircraft is prafnntad m gig. l.hac codffdcemome list of fiee idsliealoi's, and initial valuer oO fuatiia chacac-teristics, composttionaliy inclпded in the aggregataO and integral quaitiy nidi unto sr of IETM an nheratioo are repair of aviation Ofseantnn0 ae aosO et о set of rectors of valnes of etmann-fay quaiity inaicutors of nihr uaaZUsa-tions of a epecific ITTM Cram vofioue comoetidg hcvcl-opment OTgamzations fos which si notieebbte dcefenence Sn technologicalapproaches, development methoas,, cofWaee implementation,etc.ise-аiad. Itisimphedlhatltle vectors of lalusr of tiie efomrnfasy inaicutors of tee quahtf of IETM was conducted cccfaslinn to tee originate ^edified dive baslc idsliealfas z1,^, zn. Feam tee ini-inl two taMes in fig. 1 tf follwwn ttiat atl demerhey inUtcfiors z 1,^, z5 ere astimаtof (d e. ’’softly meusnrea”) nn the -aerOs of names, exceps ton the idLeiealor z5, whitd os estimaton on ГО1 oadinaC scelf. hi tS’e fr^awewora o1 the apampie, it is obvions ttiat nr ardnr to emson lhhfhne infegroi can-elution, it ss tleeassra•n to eva-uate tall tha CQnaiderad mc-ea-tors on ttie ordinal eeate:
Possible list and initial values v characteristics
№ |
Cbaractcrislk ^findkikirji |
Possible x alues |
1 |
Visibility and availability of submissions |
|
Required level of initial general engineering and teclmical readiness of IETM user |
(l)Low;
Hl High. |
|
3 |
Application putpose |
|
4 |
Resource intensity of this software product that implements IETM |
(l)Low;
|
5 |
Correctness and commented out source code |
|
at ».<»$?.

at
Summary and integral indicators J" - /[у, to Г)«А-И to-JlM

Elementary indicators e, - eO,). eO) - —. v, Vj 6

№ |
Alternative development options |
gl |
S |
|||
1 |
CPS |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
NPO «Avrora» |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
NPO «Mars» |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
NPO «Agat» |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0,5 |
5 |
KB «Rubin» |
0,5 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0,5 |
6 |
SPIIRAN - NTBVT |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
7 |
NPP «Radar mnis» |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
CNPO «Lenuiec» |
0.5 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.5 | 0.5 |
|
9 |
GK «Krondshtadt» |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 1 1 |
Fig.l.Уhexamhtc of eeitiflg ITTM quality iodieatoriaohoc aynthezizlng amuisi-tohet 11г sU afsassmedidseeаcfars
Рис.Е Пример задания показателей качества ИЭТР при синтезе многоуровневого дерева показателей оценки
Ix?t llsavsuntnlhaaintea framowoiScoS theconsidered example, tOs схрсг1спсс of exs>ects allowed She semi iso of tOsvaluesohown1n fig, Oio tOs indtevtsdordinaC scate.
TOs obtained valnhs of tOs clcmfnt)sy indicators y i ,^, y 5 eh tOs quattty ofthe ITMM hyge схаеОу the ordinal character This mnono that they re'ie not vml numbers and ai iOmsctHt opnrations oohteot Ps perftumnO on rhem. Te catty vih aovh oonrations, tOs indieatsd nalsrs cO She slsmsntaop exponenis y 1,., y 5 mvct Ise given co vmmeriaal heam. In otSer worhr, it Se nrnassoty Sa speOSfy the mapping x = ф( у ) of Ilse gradations of tOs inelc^e. у to She net eh sea. number. R 1. Tics mofging sdooSd prssnace the oodso oOOse tn"ualations. hmm tOs infintts Umily oledmos-stbls assignments sidordinai scyieS| on w>ooO tOv varamc-tsos y 1,., y 5 aos mvavia'rd, in OSe ftomrwoOi oOShe emom-pls a rimpte >aadsOodvatian was intttallp chosen, rcviiOifg tn the obooc mcniionsd ordinal scale to у dncreasing nvmbsa of na^uthV bambere, rcrpfetivcly: <3, 2, 1 >. On thia Casio of this eonhsoston, the valucc x .,..., x 5 nh tOie indinalocs scn oVtotned, OieecSfy estamuton os the seals of rent rambics R 1 and rohrd up inio vaabSs aggre-gatsd Oidicators oI IETM on IPs openstien pad repair nh aircraft.
Toadtttonallp, both Io OESie framsweak nh tOs gisog cx-amplsofrstimatifg slemeniatyinEacotocs x 1,.,x 5,andin tOs (ira:bэilOУ2iO praeiice of avalisation otOcer сошО motions nh eSemenaaiyi indicator. of IETM on operation aud revair nh aircradti the ucc of timoo normolizoiioh is eeerpisn and povetteallp lurtified. This widows s;ntOns Su values of slsmsntaop indteatoos q . ,., q 5 in the Odom seduced Ot OSe (0, )) intafaal, os eWnnan Co ths tabls По thf tower vail oif fig. 1. for Ose obscfvcd evcmpie. Eoch oO tin roans On the tabls at the boltom of fig. 1 tc a muttiparameiric estimate nh q = (q g,., q 5) vector onoaaciaristics о I7 IEMM on spera-ttnn and revais st aivorado of specific aerOodnaEae from a paettevlae contractor.
Dstsomtntng tOs values
Nnm, n) Y w (t) i N nm ,n) ^^!.
w = Mwvi =------- V w
N (m,«) t=g and tOs: ootycepand^nv ’nahsc oO OSne ntuaaEas sf a rahdcm haetabls or anuiatuol nuadrE^ta deviatioy sa a moasure of tns^Ecv>rlESl ofOrO>rignific^nanrakdvvSle
-
_______ 1 N(”X)__
-
s, = J Dwvl =, ------- У Г w ( t ) - w 1 =
i V i \n(mл) V L i iJ m -11
-
= . M------+--.(
у m ( m + 1) nm ( m + 1)
TOs propol^d maStoomEfical end aigoomsEcic took for taking )пСо ас^ошсС OSs coPlposilin)naHplitoa^anco oO гип- plso indicators Oos olscrrucg ths vaaiiSo of ITEhr to Che eomxosttton soV more oompSen oncv uring ranOs rsg niosci Ileanas ScSadnisrd So See mnthods s>f Osofi oxftr)igmg”, maks at pocribSe he aaУh mio account npy fl•gdalnnaasy and hvzzp eeLpoert Vaao on sSc oomparatths wstgOt so) nrdhsiduaC tndteatoos in ths aitaп2gy^ed onsc. Ttciio eir>rsdc^> She de-hslopsd metheS ff evaluo^ion wh:O Ona neces;ecy^ firxibil-ttp wOsn wokkmr wetO the tntttal IsctohgscnctHi) noOomaa-tton oh quatimeiricfnalnatton.
TOs plaarhure nV ran Is an iaVIotOaat tn Sio composi- СОопс, as o klndomenlsi oomaynetot oS Os melOnO Cor as-sssstng ttis ovaiidy osf IEMM on pparatian and repaii of afiationcchlx)mcnt,naet>il iUustoatsdrsiTeaafeixompkiOvr tOoss smli)a;r nuS^catitrz ( m = 3) ^hsi are combihrd si to a eomposttton oS o nosso cpmekox uadntatos Viiei ranking osshltsare prtostonttori intherightaobSh ie fig.2.
^Lnylyaulg SOp arercslfe edxmnie of mp implementation oh tOis oroar
The procedure for calculating the values of indicators of quality asse^unTit: IETM. TOs cakviViSron eoO the таСис oh iuriindioce fos olsesstng tOs hnaliSn oI T3MM on opsoatton and repoir ol aircraft to the rondi^ions of the potmaop ppptuoatuon cO SOa a^oceSore Oar kaiftinu ivdica-toos in ompoosthans; oS more complvv qnaiilo indicators Oasahdmaasof specftec Vevisres:
-
- wOsn ScSamsininc the rakks of rihni^an^nao on the basts oh dioset, rrtdadiu) ipvut ddto co Ose plttycitics of stmplsoindteatoos sof fndlnddan;
-
- kt dstecminifg Sha racSor sf stan1fiaencs Saved on sxxsot sdmpting of ddto conrrsisog of r:oramto^e^l fsid previ-Ohslp ef^dlud^S1imli)^emen^dtd)ns slfIETE4;
-
- wOsn deSemsining the ranks of f1gisEafanen is^of on hvzzp initial dnas on the O)iosny of ciemeplaru and aggre-gatsindteatoos tntOscomposttion oOthe i nSefoaali
‒ when^etermining^he^anks^f^ignificance^ased on a^ulti-level^ierarchical^etwork of^ndicators.
The^tructure of^he proced ure^or^alculating^he val-ues^f the^uality assessment indicators^f^ETM^n op-eration^nd^epair^f^viation^quipment^s^hown^n^en-eralized^orm in^ig. 3
The^onsidered^rocedure for^ssessing^ET М^n^he operation^nd^epair of^ircraft,^epending^n^he^ethods of^btaining^nput^xpert data,^s^s follows:
a)^uality^ssessment^n^e termining ranks^f^ignifi-cance^ased on^irect,^stimated^nput^ata^n^he priori-ties^f simpler^ssessment^ndicators;
b)^ssessment^f^uality^n ^etermining^he^anks^f significance based on^n^xpert^ample^f^ata^onsisting of^xamples^f^reviously^valuated^mplementations^f the^ETM;
c)^uality^ssessment^n^e termining^he^anks^f^ig-nificance based^n^uzzy^nitia l^ata^n^he^riority^f elementary^nd^ggregated^ndicators^n^he^omposition of^he^ntegral;
-
d) quality^ssessment^n^e termining^he ranks^f^ig-nificance based^n^^ulti-level^ierarchical^etwork of indicators.
The generalized^cheme^or calculating^he^alues of the^ETM quality^ssessment indicators,^or^valuating specific^mplementations^f^hese^anuals,^ncludes^hree main^teps:
-
1. Construction of^umerical^ectors of^alues of elementary^uality ^ndicators.
-
2. Calculation of^anks^hat determine^he signifi-cance^f^uality^ndicators^n ^heir^ompositions^ccord-ing^o fuzzy and^or)^nsuffi cient^nitial^ata^n^he^om-positional^ignificance^f^ore particular^ndicators^n^he composition of^ore^ggregated^ndicators.
3.^alculation^f^he^ntegral^uality^ndicator, as^ weighted^rithmetic^verage of^athematically^nalogous more^articular^ndicators on^he^asis of numerical^ec-tors^f^alues of^lementary indicators^nd^atings of^ig-nificance for^he^nalyzed^e rformance^f^ETM^n op-eration^nd repair^f^v iation equipment^alues.^

Fig.^.^n example^f^he^rocedure^f^anking ^ndicators^mplementation in^he compositions^ of^ore^omplex^ndicators^f^uality
Рис.^. Пример реализации процедуры ранжирования показателей в композициях более сложных показателей качества

Fig.^.^^eneralized^resentation^f^he structure of^he^rocedure for^alculating^ the^alues^f^ET М^uality assessment^ndicators
Рис.^. Обобщенное представление структуры процедуры расчета значений показателей оценки качества ИЭТР
The described generalized^cheme^or^alculating^he values^f quality^ssessment^ndicators^s^he^ssence of the^eveloped^uality^ssessm ent method^f^ETM on operation^nd repair^f^ircraft^quipment.^t^llows^ou to^eneralize^he^reviously^escribed^nd disclosed^ro-cedures for^caling^nd^andomizing ranks of^he^ignifi-cance^f^uality^ssessment indicators^or the^pecified IETM^ogically.
Conclusion. The proposed method of mvltileae- qual-ity^ssessment of^ETM^n^viation^echnology,^ased^n the^se of^ mathematical^o ft^omputing^pparatus^or processing primary^ualimetric^ata^btained from^x-perts^nd^aking^t possible^o draw^onclusions^bout the^chieved quality^evel^f created^ETM^n the^pera-tion^nd^epair of^viation^quipment.
Список литературы Multilevel evaluation of quality interactive electronic technical manuals for aviation technology
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