Nanotechnologies for testing and diagnostics of materials, constructions and elements of engineering systems of buildings from them with fire retardant coatings. Part 1

Introduction. The aim of the study was to optimize the quality control of fire retardant coatings (FRC) during their production and use. The results of a comparative analysis of the consequences of fires and their causes with the parameter of fire resistance of objects indicate that the number of fires and damage from them in buildings of the first degree of fire resistance is almost an order of magnitude smaller than in buildings of the second degree of fire resistance. Consequently, increasing the fire resistance of building materials and structures is the way to radically reduce fires and losses from them. Methods and materials. Based on a system analysis of existing fire protection technologies for building materials made of wood, metals, rubber and polymers, nanotechnologies were developed to determine the stability of samples with an FRC on the baro-electro-thermo-acoustic (BETA) analyzer and create their «images» for further diagnosis of their aging at the constructions and operation facility. The novelty of the study is protected by patents of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. The obtained results consist in the refinement of computational algorithms for the FRC in the BETA analyzer, as well as in the development of a portable automated complex, which allows to determine the stage of «aging» of the FRC on these materials, and, consequently, their durability and update time. This conclusion is based, firstly, on the results of the development of a thermo-electro-dilatometer crucible for controlling liquid and viscous materials by the authors of the «float design», which will make it possible to control the FRC characteristics during their production, and secondly, to carry out express control after filling them in containers (polymer, metal, glass) without opening it and thirdly, due to the recognition of these «images» using thermo-electro-measurements of the FRC using special probes connected to a portable automated system. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to «arm» with portable automated systems not only construction and fire control authorities, but also manufacturers of emergency protection products. This will allow, according to the authors, to fundamentally solve the problems of quality and durability of FRC, but the main thing is to guarantee the stability of the protected materials and structures from them.