Scientific and technological cooperation in Russia: modern state, problems and instruments of government support

One of the main challenges for industrial enterprises, for scientific community, and for government bodies today consists in the creation of an innovative economy in Russia based on modern achievements of science and technology, as well as effective management of production processes. In modern economy the tendency toward creating mutually beneficial cooperation of science and business is shown more and more clearly. This process has an objective basis, as in the context of integration and globalization of the economy, industrial enterprises should maintain and develop competitive positions, building relationships with partners on the principles of cooperation. Therefore, scientific and technological cooperation is one of the key tools that contribute to this modernization in the Russian Federation. In this regard, the article is devoted to the study of scientific and technological cooperation in Russia. The paper presents a study of the essence of the concept of “scientific and technological cooperation”, an attempt to systematize the main approaches to the definition of this interpretation. We analyze the current state of research in the field of cooperation between science and business, and conclude that the study of this problem is not given enough attention. Methodological approaches to the assessment of the development of scientific and technological cooperation are reflected. We use the methodology of the Interdepartmental Analytical Center to assess the current state of scientific and technological cooperation in Russia. We present an international comparison of the development of scientific and technological cooperation. We show the scale of its development in Russia. We analyse governmental support provided to scientific and technological cooperation projects. We reveal key problems that limit the provision of support to science and business in relation to their cooperation. The results obtained in the course of the study contribute to the development and systematization of the theoretical and practical basis of the problem. The creation of favorable conditions in terms of orientation of industrial enterprises and the scientific sector toward joint work should contribute to increasing the development and implementation of R&D in production and a positive impact on the economic development of the Russian Federation.