Neurobiological, neurocomputational and neuroimaging aspects of stress and posttraumatic stress disorders' studies (review)

The results of research on the problem of stress and its consequences, primarily posttraumatic stress disorder, from the position of modern neuroscience are presented. Some relationships between neurobiology and cognitive psychology are described. The review of several actual problems of computational neurobiology, artificial neural networks, neurocomputing and supercomputing was performed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics and possibilities of using structural and functional methods of neuroimaging - various variants of computer, positron and single-photon emission, standard and functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, etc. It has been shown that in 2016 there was a decrease in the number of medical and biological publications on the subject of neuroimaging approaches to issues of stress, PTSD and adaptation in the PubMed text database. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the disproportion between the instrumental capabilities of neuroimaging methods and their scientific and methodological support, some conclusions are formulated.