German Peasantry of the Orenburg Region According to Household Cards of the Agricultural Census of 1920

The article presents for the first time the results of the analysis of primary data from the 1920 agricultural census on the farms of Germans in the Orenburg region in the first quarter of the 20th century. The statistical material made it possible to determine the number of households, the population, and the economic systems of the Germans of Orenburg region at the final stage of the Civil War. From 1919 to 1921, the main part of the German peasantry belonged to the Tok-Churan canton of Malaya Bashkiria, the household cards of the 1920 census of which have been preserved in the National archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The author came to the conclusion that, despite the general decrease in the German population during the years of revolutions and the Civil War and the general decline in the economic sphere, the inhabitants of the settlement colonies continued to run relatively strong households, more than half of which can be classified as farms.