“The unfinished struggle between realism and nominalism”: M. D. Muretov's historical-philosophical models and understanding the Byzantine tradition in Russian thought

In one of the first reactions to the book by Antony (Bulatovich) “The Apology of Faith in the Name ‘God’ and in the Name ‘Jesus’”, the Russian theologian and biblical scholar M. D. Muretov used the opposition “nominalism - realism”, referring the imiaslavie to the realistic trend in theology and philosophy, and their opponents to nominalists. The purpose of this article is to clarify the origin of this opposition and to approach the understanding of what meaning M. D. Muretov put into this descriptive model. To explain a specific theological phenomenon, professor offers a descriptive historical and theological model that reduces all the diversity of theological trends that have ever existed to two - nominalism and realism, implicitly assuming that neither nominalism nor realism fully solve the problem of the Name of God. The reconstruction of the third doctrine proposed by M. D. Muretov, which removes the contradiction of nominalism and realism, is made in comparison with his earlier historical and theological models: the model set forth in the dissertation “Philo of Alexandria’s Philosophy in relation to the teachings of John the Theologian about the Logos” (written in the 1870s, finalized in the 1880s), which is also in a slightly modified form It is retold in the “Memoirs” (1914), and the model proposed in the treatise “Essays from the recent history of exegesis and criticism of the New Testament” (1893).