The new industrialization in Russia and development of human capital

The forthcoming Fourth industrial revolution and the formation of the sixth technological structure connected with it poses some questions to the Russian and foreign economic science the answers to which have already been obtained in the concepts of the post-industrial society, globalization, etc. As a result, western countries gradually lost their manufacturing potential while the real sector lost its qualified specialists comprising a considerable part of the middle class. All this was a consequence of the transference of a large part of material production from developed countries to the third-world states. Certain aftermath of the post-industrialist ideas’ materialization is still presently felt. Yhis is confirmed by a growing interest in the formation of the modern industrial policies as well as in developing a direction towards «a new industrialization» in the countries of the West. The implementation of the liberal-market model characteristic of the 20-th century 90-s led Russia to a considerable reduction of industrial output and in certain branches the result was a complete loss of production, what actually meant a large-scale deindustrialization. In its turn, that led a deterioration of labor resources and to numerical reduction of highly qualified specialists in the real sector of economy. All this was accompanied by basic funds’ ageing as well as to eradication of branch-oriented project institutes and closure of science-construction works. As a result of those negative processes there grew a technological dependence on the import. The country lost such strategically important brunches as machine-tool construction, electronics, tractor construction, agricultural engineering, civil ship-building, metallurgical equipment manufacture, chemical-fibre production, etc. In the conditions of Russia a transfer to a new technological basis by means of economic restructuring is possible only on the foundation of a new industrialization.