A new biotechnological method of disinfection of grape seeding material

Grapes during the period of growth and development on a plantation, in a school or in a micro-greenhouse after vaccination are affected by a large number of diseases from viral to fungal etiology. Often, lesions (damages) occur under unfavorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivated variety. According to statistics, the annual losses of the grape harvest reach up to 30 %, in some cases, if the plant protection technology is not followed, the losses can be more than 50 %. The main most harmful infectious diseases of grapes are: gray and white rot, mildew, oidium, anthracnose. In the production of grape seedlings, the control of infectious diseases is mainly carried out by the use of fungicides of various origin, which negatively affect the environmental situation. The article presents the results of research on improving the planting material of grapes on the basis of improving the technological cycle of growing vegetative seedlings of grapes. The experiments were carried out at an experimental site in Novocherkassk, Rostov region, the soil of which is represented by ordinary chernozem, carbonate, medium-thick, slightly humus. To conduct scientific research in obtaining certified grape seedlings, a new experimental setup was developed. In this plant, the cultivation and disinfection of plants takes place in a single technological cycle. During the experiments, the highest yield of healthy seedlings was obtained - 86 % when treated with steam at a temperature of 45-50 °C for a duration of 10 minutes, and thanks to the use of the systemic drug "Albit", the best development of annual shoots of grape seedlings was noted. According to the new technological method for obtaining healthy planting material of grapes, the survival rate of seedlings on the plantation was 91 %, which is 23 % higher than the generally accepted technology for the production of seedlings.