Educational technologies in the history of mankind: from riddles and initiations to artificial intelligence and state exams

The aim of the article is to analyze the trends in the field of education under the influence of the leading innovative technology of the modern world - artificial intelligence. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research includes the use of general philosophical approaches and methods of historical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic for the analysis of specialized scientific works and legal acts. It is shown that educational methods for the development of students’ cognitive abilities and formation of the required knowledge and skills, originated in ancient times and actual nowadays, gradually became more and more diverse and effective under the influence of scientific and technological progress, but their essence and purpose throughout history remained unchanged, which gives grounds to consider education as a conservative sphere of society. Artificial intelligence, which has fundamentally new capabilities compared to all previous technologies, is capable of making qualitative changes in the field of education, but the result will not only be enormous opportunities, but also serious risks, since in a number of its parameters it is superior to humans. However, abandoning artificial intelligence does not seem likely or feasible; the progressive development of humanity without the use of artificial intelligence is no longer possible.