The review of the data on the changes of hemostatic profile of cows with an orthopedic pathology

Limb diseases and lameness of cows are one of the major problems in the nowadays dairy industry resulting in significant economic losses. The researches show that approximately one-third of dairy cow illnesses are related to problems with the musculoskeletal system. The main causes of lameness include sole ulcers, laminitis, and infectious dermatitis, which lead to decreased mobility and productivity of animals. Limb pathologies negatively influence cow health, causing chronic inflammatory processes and impacting the hemostasis system. Changes in the blood coagulation system and anticoagulant activity can lead not only to blood clots, blood circulation worsening in the limbs but also to excessive bleeding. These changes can influence the overall health of animals, weaken immunity, and increase the risk of consecutive infections. Understanding the changes in hemostatic parameters is necessary for developing effective treatment and prevention methods for lameness and orthopedic diseases. A review of the existing researches allow identifying the key mechanisms of limb disease influence on hemostatic parameters, such as increased fibrinogen levels and a disbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation processes in chronic pathology and the development of thrombocytopenia and bleeding in an acute process. Thus, the study of the hemostatic system response to orthopedic pathologies is a necessary condition for improving the quality of diagnostics and therapy, increasing productivity and decreasing economic costs in the dairy industry.